AIMS To study the localisation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the normal placenta, with special emphasis on the implantation site in the first trimester of pregnancy, and in the different subtypes of trophoblastic cells in gestational trophoblastic disease. METHODS The immunoperoxidase technique with an antibody directed against eNOS was applied to paraffin sections from f...

Choriocarcinoma is part of a rare spectrum of placental abnormalities known as gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It is the most invasive form of GTD, with a mortality rate approaching 100% if left untreated. It spreads predominantly hematogenously to multiple target sites, most commonly the lungs. Due to its hypervascular nature, it is often complicated by bleeding. We describe a case of...

Patients diagnosed with molar pregnancy are treated by either suction curettage or hysterectomy, depending on their desire to preserve fertility. We use single-agent chemotherapy, preferably methotrexate, to treat low- or moderate-risk persistent trophoblastic tumors. High-risk patients who have metastatic disease are treated primarily with combination chemotherapy and, as indicated, adjuvant r...

•We present two cases of postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).•Both cases presented with lung metastases after hydatidiform mole.•Both cases showed spontaneous regression without treatment.•The mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear.•Patients with postmolar GTN and declining hCG values may not need chemotherapy.

Invasive mole belongs to gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, which is a highly curable group of pregnancy-related tumors. However, approximately 20% of gestational trophoblastic tumors will be resistant to or relapsed after initial chemotherapy. These resistant and relapsed lesions will require salvage chemotherapy with or without surgery. It is still unclear which regimens are the most effecti...

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is highly chemosensitive and has a high cure rate. Since the introduction of chemotherapy, reliable measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, and individualised risk-based therapy into the management of GTN, almost all low-risk and more than 80 % of high-risk GTN cases are curable. However, approximately 25 % of high-risk GTN developed r...

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) in Latin America (LA) has a wide range of presentation and management, depending on socioeconomic, political and geographic variables [1,2,3]. Thus, while some referral centers have sophisticated methods for an early and accurate diagnosis and treatment, still there are a high number of patients admitted with a late Hydatidiform Mole (HM) or advanced Gest...

BACKGROUND Gestational trophoblastic disease refers to a spectrum of rare benign and malignant gynecologic disorders whose pathogenesis is not well understood. Recent studies from China and the United States have raised the hypothesis that long-term use of oral contraceptives before conception may increase the risk of gestational trophoblastic tumors. A multicenter case-control study of gestati...

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is the term to describe a set of malignant placental diseases, including invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Both invasive mole and choriocarcinoma respond well to chemotherapy, and cure rates are greater than 90%. Since the advent of chemotherapy, low-risk GTN has been treated with a s...

The current symposium contains a selection of papers that were presented at the XVIth World Congress on Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases in Budapest, Hungary, October 16–19, 2011. The Congress was organized under the exceptional leadership of Dr. Vilmos Fulop, the Congress Chairperson, and was extraordinarily successful in showcasing the latest advances in the basic science, population studie...