The hypothesis that Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), as currently circumscribed, is polyphyletic tested. Analyses based on nuclear ribosomal ITS, ETS, the plastid trnL-trnF intron and intergenic spacer, well rps15-ycf1 spacer support this hypothesis. Six strongly supported clades within s.l. were recovered, in large part supporting classification of Harms. Based largest molecular phylogenetic tree hither...

China took great efforts to reforestation, even turned the long-term forest loss into a net gain, but this cannot hide the loss of species diversity due to destruction of primary forests, habitat loss, invasion of alien species, and over exploitation. Here we provide such a case by recording a dying tree species of Lauraceae from the evergreen forests of SE Yunnan of China and adjoining Vietnam...

Following a search of the Pyrococcus genomes for homologs of eukaryotic methylation guide small nucleolar RNAs, we have experimentally identified in Pyrococcus abyssi four novel box C/D small RNAs predicted to direct 2'-O-ribose methylations onto the first position of the anticodon in tRNALeu(CAA), tRNALeu(UAA), elongator tRNAMet and tRNATrp, respectively. Remarkably, one of them corresponds to...

The first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the Cichorieae subtribe Lactucinae is provided. Sequences for two datasets, one of the nuclear rDNA ITS region, the other of five concatenated non-coding chloroplast DNA markers including the petD region and the psbA-trnH, 5'trnL((UAA))-trnF, rpl32-trnL((UAG)) and trnQ((UUG))-5'rps16 spacers, were, with few exceptions, newly gener...

Figure 3. Specific suppressor tRNAs reverse nonsense-mediated regulation. (A) Constructs A and C are described in the Fig. 1 legend. Construct J contains a UAG nonsense codon in place of the UAA nonsense in construct C but is otherwise identical. (B and C) Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA isolated from HeLa cells co-transfected with the constructs (4 ␮g) shown in A, along with plasm...

In this study, the chloroplast (cp) genome sequences from three early diverged leptosporangiate ferns were completed and analyzed in order to understand the evolution of the genome of the fern lineages. The complete cp genome sequence of Osmunda cinnamomea (Osmundales) was 142,812 base pairs (bp). The cp genome structure was similar to that of eusporangiate ferns. The gene/intron losses that fr...

BACKGROUND Genetic code expansion has developed into an elegant tool to incorporate unnatural amino acids (uAA) at predefined sites in the protein backbone in response to an amber codon. However, recombinant production and yield of uAA comprising proteins are challenged due to the additional translation machinery required for uAA incorporation. RESULTS We developed a microtiter plate-based hi...