OBJECTIVES Studies which consider the molecular mechanisms of degeneration and regeneration of cartilaginous tissues are seriously hampered by problematic ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolations due to low cell density and the dense, proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix of cartilage. Proteoglycans tend to co-purify with RNA, they can absorb the full spectrum of UV light and they are potent inhibito...

Translational research is progressing toward combined genomics and proteomics analyses of small and precious samples. In our analyses of spinal cord material, we systematically evaluated disruption and extraction techniques to determine an optimum process for the coupled analysis of RNA and protein from a single 5-mm segment of tissue. Analyses of these distinct molecular species were performed...

The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) in Barbari bucks (fertile and non-fertile) identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the spleen by Trizol method. The expression pattern of ESR1 gene was analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression pattern of E...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and insulin factor-1 (IGF-1) genes in oocytes cultured vitro with optimum elevated doses amphiregulin (50 ng 150 ng), neuregulin-1 (25 ng) tumor necrosis factor-α during maturation based on results effects AREG or NRG-1 TNF-α concentration which caused significant effect, ...

Small RNAs (sRNA) of 15-30 nucleotides regulate various processes in eukaryotes. Regulatory sRNAs are produced through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway from double stranded RNA (dsRNA). Dicer or dicer-like enzyme processes the dsRNAs into 15-30 bp dsRNAs, which in turn bind to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to regulate gene expression. We previously cloned sRNAs from barley. In thi...

Total RNA was extracted using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer’s instructions, whereas from caryopses it was isolated by a LiCl based method. The resulting RNA was treated with RNase-free DNase I (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Following digestion, nucleotides were removed from RNA using a G50 sepharose buffer exchange column (Amersham). Absence of g...