University spin-off firms contribute to bringing knowledge created at university to market. The networks these firms employ with other Triple Helix actors serve as not only getting access to resources but also shaping processes of collective learning in transforming the knowledge most adequately. In addition, spin-offs may affect the networks and behavior of network participants. While the firs...

Scientific and engineering research increasingly involves multidisciplinary collaboration, sometimes across multiple organizations. Technological advances have made such crossboundary projects possible, yet they can carry high coordination costs. This study investigated scientific collaboration across disciplinary and university boundaries to understand the need for coordination in these collab...

The (neo-)evolutionary model of a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations focuses on the overlay of expectations, communications, and interactions that potentially feed back on the institutional arrangements among the carrying agencies. From this perspective, the evolutionary perspective in economics can be complemented with the reflexive turn from sociology. The combination pr...

The triple-helix is a unique secondary structural motif found primarily within the collagens. In collagen, it is a homo- or hetero-tripeptide with a repeating primary sequence of (Gly-X-Y)(n), displaying characteristic peptide backbone dihedral angles. Studies of bulk collagen fibrils indicate that the triple-helix must be a highly repetitive secondary structure, with very specific constraints....

Abstract Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple quintuple helices as models encompassing generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, been adopted by European Committee Regions Commission metaphors further strategy development such in EU-programs Smart Specialization, Plan S, Open Innovation 2.0, etc. Here we argue that transition from a double helix to tri...

Albanian universities face a variety of challenges which reflect the national and international factors in political, social, economic sphere. On one hand Universities shouldestablish high teaching standards whichequip students with necessary competences requested by labour marketand on other they should play an important role boosting innovation within industries through scientific research, t...