Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) regeneration dynamics including sprout production, growth, and clone size were measured to determine the effects of fire on small aspen clone persistence following a mixedseverity wildfire in the Black Hills, South Dakota. Four years postfire, 10 small, isolated aspen clones per low and high fire severity classes were compared with 10 unburned clones...

On 21 December 1984, Stuart Robles de Medina finished his oil-painting of Professor Frits Meijler sitting in a relaxing chair. Today, the painting is exhibited at the Department of Cardiology of the University Medical Center in Utrecht. One year earlier (1983) Stuart’s brother, Etienne Robles de Medina, had accepted the chair of cardiology succeeding Frits Meijler, who continued his career as d...

Dendroecological techniques were applied to reconstruct stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Fourteen stand-replacing fires were dated to 8 unique fire years (1842– 1901) using four lines of evidence at each of 12 sites within the upper Rio Grande Basin. The four lines of evidence were (i) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) ...

Chemical alterations to leaf litter associated with growth under elevated CO2 may impact aquatic ecosystems that rely on terrestrial leaf litter as a carbon source. This study examined how elevated CO2 altered the chemistry and subsequent response of stream microorganisms growing on the leaf litter of three riparian tree species. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), white willow (Salix alba), a...

the condition of postmodern is the condition of our current world, which appeared after technology revolution. it’s a universal progress that forms its special shape according to the culture of each society. the frequent view point says creating postmodernism is an intellectual-cultural movement and appearing its rational effects is actually because of european society disappointment of moderni...

During locomotion in a natural environment the visual system of an animal is usually confronted with a large variety of different structures, which cause image motion on the retina. This image motion, called optic flow, is essential for the guidance and calibration of locomotor behavior (Egelhaaf and Kern, 2002; Britten, 2008; Borst et al., 2010). The optic flow produced by distinct, prominent ...

This study tested whether variations in soil burn severity (soil organic layer consumption) influenced patterns of early postfire plant regeneration in a black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest in interior Alaska. Variations in burn severity were related to measurements of postfire tree seedling establishment and cover of plant growth forms observed 7–8 years after fire. Black spruce an...

Demographic data from a 15-year outbreak of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in a boreal mixedwood forest in Ontario, Canada, are used to interpret stand-level ecological disturbance in terms of susceptibility and vulnerability (mortality) of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea...

The paper investigates a complex word order phenomenon in German and the interaction of syntax and information structure it exemplifies: the occurrence of subjects as part of a fronted non-finite constituent and particularly the so-called definiteness effect excluding (many) definite subjects from this position. We explore the connection between focus projection and the partial fronting cases a...

The paper investigates a complex word order phenomenon in German and the interaction of syntax and information structure it exemplifies: the occurrence of subjects as part of a fronted non-finite constituent and particularly the so-called definiteness effect excluding (many) definite subjects from this position. We explore the connection between focus projection and the partial fronting cases a...