BACKGROUND The prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is lauded as one of the more successful HIV prevention measures. However, despite some gains in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in sub-Saharan Africa, mother-to-child transmission rates are still high. In Kenya, mother-to-child transmission is considered one of the great...

BACKGROUND Accurate information on the facility costs of treatment is essential to enhance decision making and funding for malaria control. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the costs of providing treatment for uncomplicated malaria through a public health facility in Nigeria. METHODS Hospital costs were estimated from a provider perspective, applying a standard costing ...

The function and sites of action of prostaglandins (PGs) vary in different animal species and tissues. In this study the effects of PGs (E1, E2, F2 alpha ,D2) on intraocular muscles and outflow facility of the eye were investigated, using enucleated bovine eyes. None of these PGs exogenously applied influenced the neuromuscular transmission. By contrast, after treatment with indomethacin, all P...

the treatment facility of albourz industrial city was established in 1999 at the southeast of albourz mountain with an area of 200,000 square meters. currently, 40,000 cubic meters of industrial wastes are treated daily utilizing biological method of activated sludge up to the second phase without chlorination in this treatment facility. then, the discharged wastes are directed toward the lower...

OBJECTIVES Adherence to treatment guidelines for uncomplicated malaria is critical to the success of malaria case management. Poor adherence has implications for increased malaria burden, in view of the risk of widespread parasite resistance and treatment failures. This study analyzed the diagnostic and prescription pattern for uncomplicated malaria at two public health facilities, south east N...

BACKGROUND Guidelines on urinary incontinence recommend that absorbent products are only used as a coping strategy pending definitive treatment, as an adjunct to ongoing therapy, or for long-term management after all treatment options have been explored. However, these criteria are rarely met and a significant share of long-term product users could still benefit from therapeutic interventions r...

physical design of the emergency department (ed) has an important effect on its role and function. to date, no guidelines have been introduced to set the standards for the construction of eds in iran. in this study we aim to devise an easy-to-use tool based on the available literature and expert opinion for the quick and effective assessment of eds in regards to their physical design. for this ...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether prescribing physicians advised female patients taking isotretinoin according to pregnancy prevention recommendations, whether women understood those recommendations, and whether women complied with recommendations to prevent pregnancy. DESIGN Cross-sectional study designed to collect patients' self-reported information. Women were interviewed by telephone with a st...

BACKGROUND Herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) is not publicly funded in the province of Alberta, Canada. We estimated vaccine coverage among those aged 60 years or older for 2013, as well as vaccine utilization rates per hundred thousand population over the period 2009 - 2013. We explored for factors associated with HZV dispensing rates. METHODS We used administrative data from the Alberta Pharmaceu...

According to most studies, psychiatrists cannot reliably predict violent behavior. I For those individuals who have been repeatedly violent, however, there are data to suggest that the likelihood of future violent behavior is greatly increased and, therefore, predictable to some degree. 2 The staff of maximum security treatment facilities for mentally disordered offenders (MSTF-MDO) treat patie...