This paper examines how the fertility of enslaved women was affected by the promise of freedom. Exploiting geographic variation in the effect of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, I demonstrate a negative correlation between fertility and the distance to freedom. This negative correlation is stronger on larger plantations but weaker when the slaveholder is a woman. A similar correlation is not pre...

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Polycondensation of 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium-bridged organosilane in the presence of a nonionic surfactant yielded a mesostructured organosilica solid with a functional framework that exhibited long-lived photoinduced charge separation.

This article examines the geographical corridors for the establishment of rice in seventeenth-century Dutch Guiana. One corridor of introduction is associated with the expulsion of Dutch planters from Brazil in 1644, whose slaves reestablished longstanding subsistence preferences with their exodus to the colony. Another corridor links its introduction to the African Gold Coast, where rice devel...

Prebiotic: A nondigestible food ingredient that benefits the host by selectively stimulating the favorable growth and/ or activity of 1 or more indigenous prebiotic bacteria. Prebiotics can modify the intestinal flora and interact with the immune system of the host against specific pathogens. However clinical trials are currently limited and a beneficial effect of prebiotic in treatment acute d...

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) make up the so-called chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Advances in the understanding of IBD pathophysiologic mechanisms in the last few years have allowed the development of novel therapies such as biologic therapies, which at least theoretically represent a more specific management of this disease with fewer side effects. Currently, the...

Sufficient (almost necessary) conditions are given on the weight functions u(·), v(·) for Φ−1 2 [ ∫ Rn Φ2 ( C2(Msf)(x) ) u(x)dx ] ≤ Φ−1 1 [ C1 ∫ Rn Φ1(|f(x)|)v(x)dx ] to hold when Φ1, Φ2 are φ-functions with subadditive Φ1Φ 2 , and Ms (0 ≤ s < n), is the usual fractional maximal operator. §

We combine methods from convex analysis, based on a function of Simon Fitzpatrick, with a fine recent idea due to Voisei, to prove maximality of the sum of two maximal monotone operators in Banach space under various natural transversality conditions.