Here we describe field trials designed to standardize tools for the control of Glossina tachinoides, G. palpalis gambiensis and G.morsitans submorsitans in West Africa based on existing trap/target/bait technology. Blue and black biconical and monoconical traps and 1 m(2) targets were made in either phthalogen blue cotton, phthalogen blue cotton/polyester or turquoise blue polyester/viscose (al...

Commercially available wood-fiber pots used to collect resting mosquitoes were modified to improve sampling efficiency. The modified traps, called the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention resting traps, collected 16.0 and 5.2 times more adult Culex pipiens and Cx. tarsalis than the conventional wood-fiber pots. The resting trap increases the mean number of resting mosquitoes collected per...

-Cylindrical traps with an aspect ratio of 5.2 were tilted from 0 ° to 70 ° upstream and downstream in the Hudson River with currents ranging between 2 and 62 cm s -~. Particle flux in the tilted traps increased with tilt up to about 45 ° where overcollection reached a maximum factor of three but decreased beyond 45 ° when traps were tilted downstream. There was no discernible velocity effect o...

We study the consequences of the introduction of widespread limited liability for corporations, with particular reference to the liability reforms introduced in Great Britain during the nineteenth century. In the view that is most widely accepted, by reducing transactions costs associated with screening and monitoring in capital markets , limited liability increases eciency of capital markets a...

Institutional change, collective action, and cooperation are closely related. The connection between institutional change and collective action comes from the fact that both democratic political institutions and norms of behavior are collectively chosen: they are the result of a collective action process. Collective action, however, requires a solution to the cooperation problem, for it is usua...

The population size of genetic algorithms (GAs) affects the quality of the solutions and the time required to find them. While progress has been made in estimating the population sizes required to reach a desired solution quality for certain problems, in practice the sizing of populations is still usually performed by trial and error. These trials might lead to find a population that is large e...

Plasmonic optical tweezers are a ubiquitous tool for the precise manipulation of nanoparticles and biomolecules at low photon flux, while femtosecond-laser optical tweezers can probe the nonlinear optical properties of the trapped species with applications in biological diagnostics. In order to adopt plasmonic optical tweezers in real-world applications, it is essential to develop large-scale f...