Recent morphological studies have demonstrated a laminar (sheet) organization of ventricular myofibers. Multiaxial measurements of orthotropic myocardial constitutive properties have not been reported, but regional distributions of three-dimensional diastolic and systolic strains relative to fiber and sheet axes have recently been measured in the dog heart by Takayama et al. [30]. A three-dimen...

This paper analyses a set of velocity time histories which were obtained at a fixed point in the bottom boundary layer of a tidal stream, 5 m from the seabed, and where the mean flow reached 2.5 m s(-1). Considering two complete tidal cycles near spring tide, the streamwise turbulence intensity during non-slack flow was found to be approximately 12-13%, varying slightly between flood and ebb ti...

PURPOSE To develop and demonstrate MR elastography (MRE) for the measurement of three independent viscoelastic constants of skeletal muscle according to the theory of linear elasticity of incompressible materials with transverse isotropy (TI). METHODS Three-dimensional multifrequency MRE was applied to soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles in 10 healthy volunteers. The rotation...

Diffusion Tensor MRI (DT-MRI) provides a statistical estimate of a symmetric 2 nd -order diffusion tensor, D, for each voxel within an imaging volume. We propose a new normal distribution, p(D) ~ exp(1/2 D:A:D), for a tensor random variable, D. The scalar invariant, D:A:D, is the contraction of a positive definite symmetric 4 th -order precision tensor, A , and D. A formal correspondence is est...

Failure of articular cartilage has been investigated experimentally and theoretically, but there is only partial agreement between observed failure and predicted regions of peak stresses. Since trauma and repetitive stress are implicated in the etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis, it is important to develop cartilage models which correctly predict sites of high stresses. Cartilage is anisotropic...

This paper deals with bounds satisfied by the effective non-symmetric conductivity of three-dimensional composites in the presence of a strong magnetic field. On the one hand, it is shown that for general composites the antisymmetric part of the effective conductivity cannot be bounded solely in terms of the antisymmetric part of the local conductivity, contrary to the columnar case studied in ...

The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on strength–strain properties shales representing four siltstone-claystone lithostratigraphic units occurring in Baltic Basin. Laboratory a triaxial stress state were conducted as single failure tests cylindrical samples oriented parallel and perpendicular to lamination within rocks. Mutually cut out from same drill core sections order determ...

Anisotropy in the mechanical response of materials with microstructure is common and yet difficult to assess model. To construct accurate models given only stress-strain data, we employ classical representation theory, novel neural network layers, L1 regularization. The proposed tensor-basis can discover both type orientation anisotropy provide an model stress response. method demonstrated data...