DNA is the molecule that stores chemical instructions necessary for life and its stability therefore of utmost importance. Despite this, damaged by both exogenous endogenous factors at an alarming frequency. The most severe type damage a double-strand break (DSB), in which scission occurs strands double helix, effectively dividing single normal chromosome into two pathological chromosomes. Homo...

To develop effective vaccination strategies against Ehrlichia, we have previously reported developing an animal model of cross-protection in which C57BL/6 mice primed with E. muris were resistant to lethal infection with Ixodes ovatus ehrlichia (IOE). Polyclonal antibody produced in mice after priming with E. muris and later injected with IOE-detected antigenic proteins in E. muris and IOE cell...

The developing embryo is patterned by a complex set of signals and interactions resulting in changes in cell division, cell fate determination and differentiation. An increasing body of evidence points to the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation as a major mechanism of protein regulation, crucial for control of developmental processes. The spe...

Prevailing models of memory identify mRNA translation as necessary for long-lasting information storage. However, there are enough instances of memory storage in the virtual absence of protein synthesis to prompt consideration of alternative models. A comprehensive review of the protein synthesis literature leads us to conclude that the translational mechanism is exclusively a permissive, reple...

The function of palmitoylation will depend on the protein that is being considered. Palmitoylation increases the hydrophobicity of proteins and contributes to their membrane association. Progress has been made in our understanding of protein S-palmitoylation as one of a repertoire of dynamic post-translational protein modifications that can control protein trafficking, localization, partitionin...

Aggregation of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glutathionylation and phosphorylation of SOD1 is omnipresent in the human body, even in healthy individuals, and has been shown to increase SOD1 dimer dissociation, which is the first step on the pathway toward SOD1 aggregation. We found that post-translational modification of SOD1, especially gluta...

mammalian expression systems, due to their capacity in post-translational modification, are preferred systems for biopharmaceutical protein production. several recombinant protein systems have been introduced to the market, most of which are under clinical development. in spite of significant improvements such as cell line engineering, introducing novel expression methods, gene silencing and pr...

Background: The expression of bio-therapeutic proteins in mammalian cells, such as CHO, attains high homogeneity related to post-translational modifications. Although CHO remains the most popular cell line for bestselling biotherapeutic proteins on the market, there are still drawbacks such as expensive culture media, long time line, and high drug cost. Recently, researches on a novel Leishmani...