Earth’s mantle transition zone (MTZ) is characterized by several sharp increases in seismic wave speed between ~300 km and ~850 depth. These discontinuities are generally attributed to solid-state phase transitions that lead density viscosity increases, which could cause a barrier convection segregating thermally chemically heterogeneous material. This Review discusses insights into the role of...

The debonding behaviour of fibres strongly affects the properties of fibre-reinforced composites. In the literature, two different approaches to the fibre debonding problem have been developed. In strength-based approaches [1-4], interracial debonding is assumed to occur once an interfacial strength is reached. In fracture-based approaches [5-9], the debonded interfacial zone is regarded as a t...