Tunnelling transit time for a frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) in a double–prism experiment was measured using microwave radiation. We have found that the transit time is of the same order of magnitude as the corresponding transit time measured either in an undersized wave-guide (evanescent modes) or in a photonic lattice. Moreover we have established that in all such experiments the...

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the effects of interventions on constipation and to provide basic data for physical therapy in internal medicine. [Subjects and Methods] The colon transit times of 30 subjects were measured and after the interventions. Fifteen subjects were assigned to a Maitland orthopedic manual therapy group, and 15 subjects were assigned to a dietary fiber group. [Resul...

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to determine the orogastric transit time of standard 131I capsules and the incidence of transit delay. METHODS We studied 58 consecutive subjects receiving outpatient diagnostic and therapeutic 131I dosages. A standard ion chamber survey meter, placed over the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, monitored orogastric transit. Each subject had ample wate...

BACKGROUND Most public transit users walk to and from transit. We analyzed the relationship between transit commuting and objectively measured physical activity. METHODS Adults aged 20 to 65 working outside the home (n = 1237) were randomly selected from neighborhoods in Seattle and Baltimore regions. Neighborhoods had high or low median income and high or low mean walkability. Mean daily min...

The wireless motility/pH capsule (WMC) is an orally ingested, nondigestible, data recording device that enables the simultaneous assessment of regional and whole gut transit. Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the evaluation of patients with suspected delayed gastric emptying and the evaluation of colonic transit time in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation, this capsu...

CONTEXT Esophageal dysphagia is the sensation that the ingested material has a slow transit or blockage in its normal passage to the stomach. It is not always associated with motility or transit alterations. OBJECTIVES To evaluate in normal volunteers the possibility of perception of bolus transit through the esophagus after swallows of liquid and solid boluses, the differences in esophageal ...

With IP networking booming in Africa, promotion of BGP peering in the region emerge, and changes in the transit behavior of ISPs serving Africa are expected. However, little is known about the IP transit topology currently forming the African Internet. Enhancing the RIPE Atlas infrastructure, we evaluate the topology interconnecting ISPs based on the continent. We reveal a variety of ISP transi...

Passengers, transit managers, adjacent businesses and residents, and local governments all can have strong, and sometimes conflicting, ideas about what makes a good transit stop or station. This paper examines stops and stations from the transit agency’s perspective; transit managers must consider both the logistical and political factors inherent to transit operations as well as the perspectiv...

Users of mass transit systems such as those of buses and trains normally rely on accurate route maps, stop locations, and service schedules when traveling. If the route map, service schedule, or stop location has errors it can reduce the transit agency’s ridership. In this paper, the problem of deriving transit systems by mining raw GPS data is studied. Specifically, we propose and evaluate nov...

This paper analyzes the recent trend in bicycle-transit integration in the U.S. It reviews data from the National Household Travel Surveys (NHTS) to show the characteristics of bicycle-transit integrated trips, where the integrators were from, and to which population groups the integrators belonged. Bicycle-transit integration was increasingly observed in commuters and younger travelers, and be...