In vivo pathways of natural retinoid metabolism and elimination have not been well characterized in primary myeloid cells, even though retinoids and retinoid receptors have been strongly implicated in regulating myeloid maturation. With the use of a upstream activation sequence-GFP reporter transgene and retrovirally expressed Gal4-retinoic acid receptor α in primary mouse bone marrow cells, we...

The in vitro metabolism of all-trans-[11,12-3h]retinoic acid to several more polar compounds has been demonstrated in a hamster tracheal organ culture system. The production of these metabolites is dependent on the presence of tissue. The physiological significance of these compounds is shown by the cochromatography of several of the in vitro formed metabolites synthesized from [carboxy-14C]ret...

The activity of dietary and topical administration of three retinoids, all-trans-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), as promoters of skin tumor induction in SENCAR mice was studied. When administered as dietary supplements at their maximum tolerated dose levels, all three retinoids promoted tumorigenesis in mice initiated with a single topical dose of...

Glyceroneogenesis is an important metabolic pathway for fatty acid reesterification in adipose tissue, thereby reducing fatty acid release. Glyceroneogenesis and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C), which is the key enzyme in this pathway, are both regulated by a series of hormones and nutrients, among which all-trans retinoic acid (all-trans RA) is a transcriptional inducer o...

introduction: fournier's gangrene or necrotizing fasciitis of external genitalia is a medical emergency. it was reported in cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (apl) before and during induction therapy with all- trans retinoic acid (atra).we present a case of apl that developed fournier's gangrene   during atra therapy.

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) participates in the formation of retinoic acid from retinol in various organs including the gastric mucosa. However, its clinical significance still remains to be clarified. In this study, we identified the ADH isoforms responsible for the retinoic acid formation among various ADH isoforms and examined associations among the ADH activities, the retinoic acid formatio...

Retinoic acid modulates proliferation and differentiation of a wide variety of normal and leukemic cells through two distinct families of transcriptional factors: the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs). A stereoisomer of retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, is a highaffinity ligand for RXR and binds efficiently to RAR. In contrast, all-trans-retinoic acid interact...

Blood vitamin A profiles, including concentrations of retinol and its active metabolite retinoic acid, were assessed during the peripartum period and during experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in heifers. Serum retinol decreased in all animals in the immediate postpartum period and normalized within 1 wk after parturition. No significant changes were detectable in the concentration...

Retinoid-binding proteins are essential mediators of vitamin A function in vertebrate organisms. They solubilize and stabilize retinoids, and they direct the intercellular and intracellular trafficking, transport, and metabolic function of vitamin A compounds in vision and in growth and development. Although many soluble retinoid-binding proteins and receptors have been purified and extensively...