This paper is a revised version of a seminal paper, written as early as 1986, that introduces the concept of contemplative psychology as a psychology that is an intrinsic part of the contemplative traditions of most world religions. It refers to the psychological insights and methods that are—often implicitly—present in the spiritual traditions themselves. The paper delineates this psychology a...

In this paper I consider whether traditional behaviors of animals, like traditions of humans, are transmitted by imitation learning. Review of the literature on problem solving by captive primates, and detailed consideration of two widely cited instances of purported learning by imitation and of culture in free-living primates (sweet-potato washing by Japanese macaques and termite fishing by ch...

The quantitative and qualitative research traditions can be thought of as distinct cultures marked by different values, beliefs, and norms. In this essay, we adopt this metaphor toward the end of contrasting these research traditions across 10 areas: (1) approaches to explanation, (2) conceptions of causation, (3) multivariate explanations, (4) equifinality, (5) scope and causal generalization,...

The paper compares the evolution of union responses to immigration in the three largest EU countries, representing different state traditions. It stresses how common pressures in terms of vulnerability and precarity of temporary immigrants are dealt with by unions in ways that are framed by national political traditions with regard to citizenship and industrial relations. There are similarities...

The predominant traditions in international relations and comparative political economy both failed to anticipate the end of the cold war. The explanation is not that these traditions are flawed; rather it is that they developed in response to different kinds of questions. Structural realism explains the distribution of power in the international system, not the attitudes or expectations of dom...