The paper focuses on regional trade agreements and economic co-operation and develops a new appropriate approach to study their impact on growth and trade. The approach is based on an endogenous trade-growth theory and novelly specified in an economic integration (expenditure) framework which is the conceptual foundation of regional trade agreements. Importantly, it also appropriately takes int...

The recent global crisis, as a big crash ( Baldwin and Simon , 2009), has reduced foreign demand growth affecting total countries’ exports. Given the importance of foreign trade to nations and the reality that recent crisis has affected international trade we study the effects of the global financial crisis on trade relations between countries by using Ma and Cheng (2003) approach and by appl...

This paper develops a growth model aimed at understanding the potential effects of globalization of production on rate of innovation, distribution of skilled labor income between the North and South, and welfare of skilled workers in both regions. We adopt a dynamic general equilibrium productcycle model, assuming that the North specializes in innovation and the South specializes in imitation. ...

t his paper investigates the gain of bilateral trade between china and u.s. in manufacturing sectors when both countries play a role in asymmetric (biased) growth of  international trade. our model includes a special case of biased growth theory in international trade. we collected labor productivity, export and import data by using classification of manufacturing industries, for u.s. and china...

Although initially originated as a totally empirical relationship to explain the volume of trade between two partners, gravity equation has been the focus of several theoretic models that try to explain it. Specialization models are of great importance in providing a solid theoretic ground for gravity equation in bilateral trade. Some research papers try to improve specialization models by addi...

We suggest a possible explanation for cross-country differences in total factor productivity. Many technologies used by LDCs are developed in OECD economies, and as such, are designed to make optimal use of the skills of these richer countries' workforces. Due to differences in the supply of skills, some of the tasks performed by skilled workers in richer economies will be carried out by unskil...

within the early theories of fdi and multinational firms, fdi and foreign trade were considered to be substitutes. new international trade theories emphasize, however the complementary relationship between fdi and foreign trade.this is the result of introducing new aspects in the models like increasing returns to scale, product differentiation and technology-differences among nations.this paper...

â â â  â â â â â â â â â â â  financial sector is one of the most influential sectors in economic activities. empirical and theoretical studies conducted in recent years have also confirmed the significant role of financial institutions in economic growth. additionally, trade and financial liberalization policies have been particular concerned with strategic policies in developed and developing...

the aim of this research is to analyse of empirical relationship of fiscal policy and iranian trade account in the years 1338-1385(1959-2006). in and econometrics model the methods of engle and granger (1987), johansen (1988), ardl, pessaran and shin(1998), philips and hansen(1990), have been used to find out the effects of variables such as government expenditures(the component of public deman...

Financial sector is one of the most influential sectors in economic activities. Empirical and theoretical studies conducted in recent years have also confirmed the significant role of financial institutions in economic growth. Additionally, trade and financial liberalization policies have been particular concerned with strategic policies in developed and developing countries. According to dynam...