This study was designed to investigate the antifungal activity of Bacillus pumilus 344-3 against toxigenic fungi. In vitro co-incubation assay revealed that A. carbonarius AC82, niger AN8 and P. digitatum PD43 are most sensitive fungi bacterial compounds with zone inhibition 29.2 mm, 27.7 mm 27.1 respectively. The addition culture supernatant at low concentration in fungal growth medium stimula...

Many pathogenic bacteria and fungi produce potentially lethal toxins that cause cytotoxicity or impaired cellular function either at the site of colonization or other locations in the body through receptor-mediated interactions. Various factors, including biotic and abiotic environments, competing microbes, and chemical cues affect toxin expression in these pathogens. Recent work suggests that ...

The aim of this study was to fortify the clinical importance and representation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from stool samples of hospitalized patients. This survey included 80 hospitalized patients with diarrhea and positive findings of Clostridium difficile in stool samples, and 100 hospitalized patients with formed stool as a control group. Bacteriological e...

Nigella sativa (N. sativa) grows in various parts of the world, particularly in Iran. It has been traditionally used as a folk remedy to treat a number of diseases. The seeds of this plant contain moisture, proteins, carbohydrates, crude fiber, alkaloids, saponins, ash, fixed oils and essential oil. The major components of the essential oil are thymoquinone, p-cymene, trans-anethole, 2-methyl-5...

Milk thistle (MT) dietary supplements are widely consumed due to their possible beneficial effect on liver health. As botanicals, they can be contaminated with a variety of fungi and their secondary metabolites, mycotoxins. This study was conducted in an effort to determine the mycological quality of various MT botanical supplements from the US market. Conventional plating methods were used for...

according to the increased fungi contaminations and related damages, microbiologist's incentive in considering the fungal contaminations in human habitats had increased. some of fungi cause disease through production of toxins in animals as well as humans. since these toxins are not easily distinguishable, then it is crucial to study their characteristics. aspergillus are among the most importa...

Fungal contamination is a threat to food safety in West Africa with implications for and feed due their climate, which characterised by high temperatures relative humidity, are environmental favourable fast fungal growth mycotoxin production. This report gives perspective on studies toxigenic fungi (Aspergillus, Fusarium Penicillium) toxins, mainly aflatoxins, fumonisins ochratoxins commonly fo...

Practices of harvesting, handling and production may cause additional contamination and microbial growth. In fact, bacteria and fungi occur naturally as a microflora of fruits, vegetables and herbs. Microbial purity is an important aspect of wholesome products, considering that medicinal plants are often collected from wild sources. These products are sold in open-air markets, and most toxigeni...