Pit latrines are the most frequently used sanitation systems in developing countries because of weak infrastructure and poor economic wealth. A modified ventilated improved pit latrine, with a biological filter beneath is proposed to stabilize and to remove the bulk of the nitrogen from the liquid phase. Although the hydraulic loading rate in the proposed biological filter system was calculated...

The effectiveness of management practices in improving quality of runoff from agricultural land areas has been reported based primarily on results from plotand field-scale studies. There is limited information available on watershed scales, particularly when the dominant agricultural land use is pasture. The objective of this study was to determine whether a program of Best Management Practice ...

Background Major amino acids in pig diets are Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, but little is known about the requirements for the other essential amino acids, especially on odorous compounds and microbial characteristics in feces of growing-finishing pigs. To this end, different levels of amino acid composition added to diets to investigate the effects of amino acid composition on microbial characterist...

A study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological and chemical characteristics of ice collected from a commercial poultry further processing facility. During each of 3 visits, the following ice samples were collected: 1) freshly prepared, unused ice; 2) product-contact ice from ice-packed poultry parts; 3) product-contact ice from ice-packed poultry that had been visibly inspected and conde...

In 1930 Moore and Van Slyke (1) reviewed the various physical measurements, refractometric and others, that might serve as measures of the protein concentration of plasma, and concluded that specific gravity was the most reliable if application was required to pathological as well as normal plasmas. For plasma of nephritic patients they found that the relation between protein concentration and ...

We describe an apparatus modified for the chemiluminescent estimation of nitrogen in biological and clinical samples. Analytical characteristics have been assessed and results compared with those by the traditional Kjeldahl method. The chemiluminescence method, much faster and more sensitive than the traditional method, is at least as accurate, precise, and reproducible. Costs are low, and the ...

Skinner (1928) tested 23 strains of Bacteriumn aerogenes (Aerobacter aerogenes) and reported that two, and possibly a third, assimilated gaseous nitrogen when cultured in liquid medium, a claim confirmed 27 years later by Hamilton and Wilson (1955) using the N" isotopic method. Their experiments indicated that A. aerogenes incorporated significant amounts of tracer and that anaerobically, in a ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of natural flocculants to reduce solids and nutrient loads in dairy cow wastewater using solid-liquid separation; chitosan was used as a model. Its use efficiency and optimum application rate were determined using flushed dairy cow manure of varied strengths - 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 3.2% total solids (TS) content. Treatments consisted of n...

In 1883, in Fresenius' Zeitschrift fur analytische Chemie, there appeared a paper by Johan Kjeldahl of the Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen entitled "A new method for the determination of nitrogen in organic substances."35 This contribution has had an effect upon analytical chemistry in general and especially upon the application of analytical chemistry to agricultural and physiological chemi...

Our objectives were to determine if milk casein as a percentage of true protein (CN%TP) estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is equivalent CN%TP Kjeldahl, and the proportion (CN), proteolysis products (CNPP), serum (SP) from (TP) that goes into Kjeldahl noncasein nitrogen (NCN) filtrate stays in NCN precipitate using SDS-PAGE. Raw samples collected 1...