The basic control chart consists of sampling from a process over time and charting process measurements. For as long as the measurements fall inside control limits (L), the process is considered in-control. In feed production, it is customary to set the control limits at two standard deviations. This practice does not consider the probability of both Type I and Type II errors in addition to all...

Innovative changes in undergraduate Nursing programs have brought about new methodologies and the need for cost evaluation. This study aims to develop a model for cost estimation, and to estimate educational costs of an integrated Nursing curriculum at a public university. This is a case study conducted in stages: model development, data collection, analysis and interpretation. The cost-constru...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare pre- and post-surgical healthcare costs in commercially insured total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in the United States (U.S.). METHODS Using a large healthcare claims database, we identified patients over age 39 with hip or knee OA who underwent unilateral primary TJA (hip or knee) between 1/1/2006 and 9/30/200...

background and aims: burn injuries gives rise to mortality and long-term disability, and impose a high economic burden on patients, their families, and society.  thus, we investigated the direct hospitalization costs of the 388 burn patients admitted to the burn center of imam khomeini hospital in kermanshah province of iran. material and methods: this  retrospective study was conducted on all ...

In this paper, the transportation problem under the carbon emission trading program ismodelled by mathematical programming and genetic algorithm. Since green supply chain issuesbecome important and new legislations are taken into account, carbon emissions costs are included inthe total costs of the supply chain. The optimisation model has the ability to minimise the total costsand provides the ...

this research aims to study the relationship between the components of quality costs and quality in company. the relationship between the components of quality costs and quality in company has been studied separately for materials, manpower, machinery, and whole of company. in this study, traditional method was used to collect quality costs and paf model was used to determine the components of ...

this study aimed at identifying components of the household health costs.this study was a qualitative research conducted in two main phases. the first phase consisted of interviews with sample households selected in eight provinces of iran. they were to identify components of the household health costs. in the second phase, components were determined as direct, indirect and intangible based on ...

conclusions the study showed that the costs associated with cardiovascular diseases were not reasonable for many of these patients and their families. this certainly requires more consideration by managers and policy makers in the health care sector and the implementation of effective interventions. results the study findings showed that the total cost of cardiovascular diseases was 13,074,700 ...