Abstract In this paper, we challenge a wide-spread assumption among philosophers that contemporary physics supports physical state monism . This is the claim causal powers of system supervene upon ‘lower-level’ laws and lower-level cosmos (as represented by our ‘best physics’). On view, it makes sense to ignore macroscopic system’s higher-level properties in determining its powers, since any ar...

A temperature-like parameter is introduced in ordinary sandpiles models. A temperature dependent probability distribution is assigned for the sand toppling on sites of any height. In mean eld theory criticality is obtained for all the values of temperature and no characteristic avalanche size appears. Numerical simulations supports the existence of criticality at any temperature with apparently...

The abelian sandpile models feature a finite abelian group G generated by the operators corresponding to particle addition at various sites. We study the canonical decomposition of G as a product of cyclic groups G = Zd1 ×Zd2 ×Zd3 · · ·×Zdg where g is the least number of generators of G, and di is a multiple of di+1. The structure of G is determined in terms of the toppling matrix ∆. We constru...

Soil (topsoil and overburden) above the granite quarry in pit 2 (two) PT. Karya Sumber Alam Perkasa has experienced a landslide. It is probably caused by condition of slopes at Perkasa, which currently being mined, quite steep. External factors that can trigger movement rock masses are vibrations due to breakers. This potential increase risk slope stability. Slope stability influenced geologica...

Landslide hazard characterization in the Setijhora landslide, located near Kalijhora village, along National Highway 10, was carried out a qualitative way using Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Continuous Slope (CSMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI). CSMR data helped understanding of slope failures (wedge, planner, rotational toppling), while RMR & GSI provides better rock mass quality its deformati...

Rock block tilting is one of the most common types dangerous rock failures with no clear indicator displacement prior to failure. Existing stability evaluation methods remain limited in their ability constrain non-penetrating section area, which closely related stability, and evaluations are therefore associated large uncertainties. The dynamic characteristic parameters toppling structural plan...