On a topographical map of civil engineering, there are various enclosed areas, for instance, rice fields, wild fields, buildings, roads, walls, regional boundaries and so on. Before a software system such as road planer is run, it is necessary to extract these various regions and features, and to transform them to 3D data. The automatic extraction and classification of all of them on a screen a...

The objective of this research was to determine the best model and compare performances in terms of producing landuse maps from six supervised classification algorithms. As a result, different algorithms such as the minimum distance ofmean (MDM), Mahalanobis distance (MD), maximum likelihood (ML), artificial neural network (ANN), spectral anglemapper (SAM), and support vector machine (SVM) were...

the main aim of the present study was to map of urmia lake water surface diminishing rates over a long-term period, and demonstrating the most recent surface of emerged salty alluvial plains. for this purpose, landsat tm, etm+ and oli imageries, observing from 1984 to 2015, were progressively processed to generate most of the thematic models in tempo-spatial context. all multi-date satellite da...

In order to solve a problem arising when generalizing topographical maps, we consider the following problem for simple polygons, i.e., coherent polygons without holes. Some edges of the polygon may be marked as hard, and at least two vertices of the polygon are marked as terminals. We show that the problem to nd a tree of minimum total length, spanning the hard edges and terminals, using only e...

Six patients with chronic phantom tooth pain were studied for the presence of reference fields for their phantom sensation. In five of them, pain or dysesthesia in the affected oral structures was elicited by thermal or mechanical stimulation of areas that were well separate from these structures. However, a relation of topographical proximity between the stimulated areas and the areas of refer...

The topological structures of the generic smooth functions on a smooth manifold belong to the small quantity of the most fundamental objects of study both in pure and applied mathematics. The problem of their study has been formulated by A. Cayley in 1868, who required the classification of the possible configurations of the horizontal lines on the topographical maps of mountain regions, and cr...

During the summer of 2010, Dr. Taemin Kim and Kyle Husmann jointly developed a novel new algorithm to generate topographical maps of planetary surfaces using a multiple-view photogrammetry approach. To evaluate and debug the algorithm, a program called mvpgui was developed to visualize and examine the objective function. After verifying the correct operation of the algorithm and mvpgui with syn...

The flow of information through cells requires the constant remodeling of cell signaling and trafficking networks. To observe the remodeling events associated with receptor activation, we have generated and analyzed high resolution topographical maps of colloidal gold nanoprobes marking receptors and signaling proteins in native membranes. The technology involves labeling membrane sheets stripp...

In this research, the use of remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems was relied upon to study topography ruins Uruk, which is located east city Samawah, 60 km from centre city, draw topographical maps, regression directions stereoscopic contour maps area compare results with process providing using The work traditional field survey, it found through research that means mode...