The first successful high power heating of a high dielectric constant spherical tokamak plasma by an electron Bernstein wave (EBW) is reported. An EBW was excited by mode conversion (MC) of an mode cyclotron wave injected from the low magnetic field side of the TST-2 spherical tokamak. Evidence of electron heating was observed as increases in the stored energy and soft x-ray emission. The incre...

The use of relativistic electron beams for supplementary heating of tokamaks to ignition temperatures is discussed, under the assumption that they can be successfully injected. It is shown that if an electron beam with presentstate-of-the-art power, but longer pulse length, can be injected into an Ohmically pre-heated tokamak plasma, it transfers its energy to the plasma on a time-scale short e...

To improve poloidal rotation measurement capabilities on the DIII-D tokamak, new chords for the charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CER) diagnostic have been installed. CER is a common method for measuring impurity rotation in tokamak plasmas. These new chords make measurements on the high-field side of the plasma. They are designed so that they can measure toroidal rotation without the...

Social acceptance of fusion reactors depends largely on their economic viability. To investigate this issue, we estimate and compare the cost of electricity (COE) among D-T, D-3He, and D-D fusion reactors. Three types of confinement systems are evaluated: the tokamak reactor (TR), the spherical tokamak reactor (STR), and helical reactor (HR). For each reactor type, COE parameter surveys are per...

Abstract. This paper deals with the numerical reconstruction of the plasma current density in a Tokamak and of its equilibrium. The problem consists in the identification of a non-linear source in the 2D Grad-Shafranov equation, which governs the axisymmetric equilibrium of a plasma in a Tokamak. The experimental measurements that enable this identification are the magnetics on the vacuum vesse...

1 Tokamak fuelling using high velocity compact torus (CTs). Compact toroids (CTs) are self-organized magnetized plasmoids in a nearly force-free Taylor state. In the laboratory, CTs can be formed using coaxial electrodes and a solenoid magnetic field coil. The resultant CT equilibrium is sufficiently robust that it can withstand extremely large acceleration (>1 x 10 g) and can achieve high fina...

Gyrokinetic simulation of tokamak transport has evolved sufficiently to allow direct comparison of numerical results with experimental data. It is to be emphasized that only with the simultaneous inclusion of many distinct and complex effects can this comparison realistically be made. Until now, numerical studies of tokamak microturbulence have been restricted to either (a) flux tubes or (b) el...

The Pfirsch-Schlüter transport of impurities is calculated for stellarator geometry. Contrary to the tokamak case, where the only contribution to the particle flux arises from friction between different species, in a stellarator there is another source of impurity transport due to pressure anisotropy. However, the pressure anisotropy term is usually smaller than the friction term, so that the i...

A simple theoretical model is developed which describes how current eddies are excited in the scrape-off layer SOL of a large-aspect-ratio, low, circular cross-section tokamak by time-varying magnetohydrodynamical instabilities originating from within the plasma. This model is used to study the interaction of SOL currents with tearing modes and resistive wall modes in a typical tokamak plasma. ...

• Fusion is the process whereby two light nuclei bind to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy • Harnessing fusion on Earth via deuterium and tritium reactions would lead to an environmentally friendly and almost limitless energy source • One promising route to fusion power is to magnetically confine a hot, dense plasma inside a doughnut-shaped device called a tokamak • The JET toka...