This research developed a learning model containing life based approach in education course of Sociology Educa-tion, Malang University. ADDIE development was applied this re-search process. following the procedural principle research, thereby called CDAC (Constructing, Design, Act, and Communicate) model. The procedure as follows: 1) evaluation for constructing, 2) taking information design, 3)...

Ab stract: Ac cord ing to H. F. Osborn, one of the three au thors of ‘Baldwin ef fect’, adap tive evo lu tion may not re quire nei ther nat u ral se lec tion nor the in her i tance of ac quired char ac ter is tics. An adap tive evo lu tion ary change in pop u la tion with out nat u ral se lec tion means that an iden ti cal adap tive change in ge net i cally dif fer ent or gan isms of a pop u la...

Salmonella spp. may form biofilm, and bacteria in biofilm are more resistant to drug, chemical, physical and mechanical stresses, and host immune system. The progress on biofilm research will be helpful for the development of new tools and strategies to prevent biofilm-related disease and decontaminate biofilm-derived Salmonella in food produc‐ tion. In this review, we present a comprehensive o...