The ubiquitous trade-off between survival and costly reproduction is one of the most fundamental constraints governing life-history evolution. In numerous animals, gonadotropic hormones antagonistically suppressing immunocompetence cause this trade-off. The queens of many social insects defy the reproduction-survival trade-off, achieving both an extraordinarily long life and high reproductive o...

We consider the problem of communicating quantum states by simultaneously making use of a noiseless classical channel, a noiseless quantum channel, and shared entanglement. We specifically study the version of the problem in which the sender is given knowledge of the state to be communicated. In this setting, a trade-off arises between the three resources, some portions of which have been inves...

Trade-off reviews the rate of marginal substitution of inputs and outputs onto the efficient frontier. On the other hand, marginal rates of substitution (MRS) are important quantities for analysts and managers. In this paper, by changing the method of Asmild (2004), an algorithm is found that it can be used to calculate the marginal rate of the free disposal hull (FDH) model.

Evolutionary studies often assume that energy is the primary resource (i.e. "currency") at the heart of the survival-reproduction trade-off, despite recent evidence to the contrary. The evolutionary consequences of having a single trade-off currency versus multiple competing currencies are unknown. Using simulations, we modeled the evolution of either a single physiological currency between rep...

The size and number of flowers displayed together on an inflorescence (floral display) influences pollinator attraction and pollen transfer and receipt, and is integral to plant reproductive success and fitness. Life history theory predicts that the evolution of floral display is constrained by trade-offs between the size and number of flowers and inflorescences. Indeed, a trade-off between flo...