Tribromoethanol (2,2,2-tribromoethanol, TBE) is a popular injectable anesthetic agent used in mice in Korea. Our goal was to assess the risks associated with side effects (lesions) in the abdominal cavity, especially at high doses. To understand the underlying pathophysiological changes, we examined levels of cytokines through ELISA of abdominal lavage fluid and spleen collected from mice treat...

Introduction In the last couple of weeks, vitamin C and cancer has become a hot news topic. For people who have followed this matter, the media's sudden interest comes as something of a surprise: tbe evidence that vitamin C is a selective anticancer agent has been known for decades. Tbis story is important, as it illustrates how the bead-in-tbe-sand conventional view (tbat nutritional supplemen...

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is not endemic in the Netherlands and diagnostics are seldom requested. Here, we report about the rare event of TBE in two Dutch travellers returning from Austria in July and August 2011. This report serves to create awareness among physicians to consider travel-related TBE in their differential diagnosis of patients with neurological disease returning from TBE vir...

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus infection elicits a life-long lasting protection. However, little is known about the neutralizing antibodies titres following natural infection. In this study, subjects with past TBE disease (n = 62) were analysed for the presence and titre of anti-TBE neutralizing antibodies, and compared with a vaccinated cohort (n = 101). Neutralizing antibody titres were ...

During 2006-2014, four tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases occurred among Israeli travelers. We calculated TBE incidence at 321.0, 45.0, 13.2, and 7.5 cases/100,000 travelers/year of travel to Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, and Germany, respectively. TBE incidence among travelers to these destinations appears to justify TBE vaccination in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations.

13 ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY TESTING Occasionally endoscopy and barium esophagogram reports contain information about esophageal motility. Still, esophageal manometry is considered the gold standard in evaluating and quantifying esophageal motility. Esophageal manometry in patients with GERD is recommended to investigate the presence of esophageal motility abnormalities associated with GERD and to lo...

Malignant mesothelioma is a tumor involving the pleura or peritoneum. It characteristically presents with dyspnea, pleural eff usions and pleuritic chest pain. Its diagnosis is established by pleural fl uid cytology or pleural biopsy [1]. Based on our literature review, there are less than 10 published cases of malignant mesothelioma in which the initial presentation was dysphagia and the diagn...

CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Figure 1. Esophageal manometry at first visit showed increased mean distal esophageal am...

Dysphagia is an impairment of swallowing that may involve any structures from the mouth to the stomach. Esophageal dysphagia presents with the sensation of food sticking, pain with swallowing, substernal pressure, or chronic heartburn. There are many causes of esophageal dysphagia, such as motility disorders and mechanical and inflammatory diseases. Infrequently dysphagia arises from extrinsic ...

BACKGROUND The Western Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus often causes devastating or lethal disease. In Europe, the number of human TBE cases has increased dramatically over the last decade, risk areas are expanding and new foci are being discovered every year. The early localisation of new TBE foci and the identification of the main risk factors associated with disease emergence represent a ...