In this paper, we analyze the location error of Time of Arrival (ToA)-based lightning location systems (LLSs) resulting from propagation over mountainous terrain. For the analysis, we have considered the region around the Säntis Tower, located in the Swiss Alps. The study is based on a full-wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach and the two-dimensional (2D) topographic maps along th...

Location-awareness is crucial and becoming increasingly important to many applications in wireless sensor networks. This paper presents a network-based positioning system and outlines recent work in which we have developed an efficient principled approach to localize a mobile sensor using time of arrival (TOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) information employing multiple seeds in the line-of-sight ...

In Time-of-Arrival (TOA) based indoor human tracking system, the human body mounted with the target sensor can cause non-line of sight (NLOS) scenario and result in significant ranging error. However, the previous studies on the behavior of indoor TOA ranging did not take the effects of human body into account. In this paper, measurement of TOA ranging error has been conducted in a typical indo...

Time synchronization and localization are key requirements for distributed underwater systems consisting of numerous low-cost submersibles. In these systems, submersibles are highly resource constrained and typically have limited acoustic communication capability. We investigate the problem of tracking submersibles that only have the capability of receiving acoustic signals. Traditional Long Ba...

Subscriber radio location techniques are investigated for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) cellular networks. Two methods are considered for radio location: measured times of arrival (ToA) and angles of arrival (AoA). The ToA measurements are obtained from the code tracking loop in the CDMA receiver, and the AoA measurements at a base station (BS) are assumed to be made with an antenna arra...

Precise Time-of-Arrival (TOA) estimations of aircraft and drone signals are important for a wide set of applications including aircraft/drone tracking, air traffic data verification, or self-localization. Our focus in this work is on TOA estimation methods that can run on low-cost software-defined radio (SDR) receivers, as widely deployed in Mode S / ADS-B crowdsourced sensor networks such as t...

In this study, a real-time high accuracy signal simulation technique for an enhanced Loran (eLoran) simulator is proposed, which can be used to verify the performance of eLoran receiver. The proposed method based on maximumly flat design low-pass filter, and obtained in low-frequency band. structure variable fractional delay Farrow structure, regenerate signals with high-precision time arrival ...

In this study, a hybrid TOA/RSSI wireless localization is proposed for accurate positioning in indoor UWB systems. The major problem in indoor localization is the effect of Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) propagation. To mitigate the NLOS effects, an unconstrained nonlinear optimization approach is utilized to process Time-of-Arrival (TOA) and Received Signal Strength (RSS) in the location system.TOA ...

In this paper, we propose a short ranging middleware built on WUSB (Wireless USB) over WBAN (Wireless Body Area Networks) hierarchical protocol for body sensor networks. The proposed middleware platform is composed of time-synchronization and optimal short ranging solution. The optimal ranging solution is proposed through comparison of experiment results from ToA (Time of Arrival), TDoA (Time D...

In this paper we use UWB measurements for bandwidths up to 3GHz to present a framework for statistical modeling of the indoor radio channel propagation characteristics that are pertinent to precise indoor geolocation using time-of-arrival (TOA) estimations. Accuracy of indoor geolocation systems relies on the strength and TOA of the direct path (DP) in the channel profile. Based on UWB measurem...