In this paper a brushless permanent magnet motor is designed considering minimum thrust ripple and maximum thrust density (the ratio of the thrust to permanent magnet volumes). Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used as optimization method. Finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out base on the optimized and conventional geometric dimensions of the motor. The results of the FEA deal to ...

g – standard gravitational acceleration, m/s μ gravitational constant, km/s mdry – spacecraft mass without fuel, kg mwet – spacecraft mass with total fuel, kg mhighF – high-thrust system fuel mass, kg mHSTF – hybrid system fuel mass, kg m02 – spacecraft mass after phase 1 of the transfer, kg ∆Vhigh – high-thrust only system ∆V, m/s ∆VH – high-thrust portion of hybrid system ∆V, m/s ∆VL – low-th...

Previous work has characterized electrohydrodynamic (EHD) thruster performance, determining that thrust-to-power ratios are comparable with that of conventional propulsion at the laboratory scale. Achievable thrust density of EHD propulsion has yet to be experimentally quantified and could be a limiting factor in its application. In this paper, we quantify the achievable thrust density for a wi...

This paper summarizes our theoretical understanding of supernova events in a “back of the envelope” way. It is intended to aid in the recognition and understanding of those events which are not “standard”, and which may provide the most insight.

In case of high-speed maglev trains, the propulsion force of their Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) is an essential performance element since the LSM is responsible for both the propulsion and levitation of the train. A large thrust force ripple causes vibration, noise and severe levitation disturbance during the train operation. Because of these reasons, efforts must be made to reduce the thrust...

The studied area, located in the south-western part of Gorce Mountains, is built flysch deposits representing Krynica and Bystrica Subunits Magura Nappe. Here, Late Cretaceous–Early Miocene lithostratigraphic succession Subunit, four formations containing several members were distinguished, whereas only one Middle Eocene–Oligocene formation was identified. Turbacz Kudłoń Thrust Sheets tectonic ...

As proposed spacecraft and their associated thrusters have become smaller, technology has been developed to meet the demand for performance measurements for the extremely low force levels produced. For such thrusters, it is also desirable to measure the mass changes resulting from the utilization of propellant associated with either the steady state thrust or transient impulses. A thrust stand ...

This article presents the theory and operation of a null-type, inverted pendulum thrust stand. The thrust stand design supports thrusters having a total mass up to 250 kg and measures thrust over a range of 1 mN to 5 N. The design uses a conventional inverted pendulum to increase sensitivity, coupled with a null-type feature to eliminate thrust alignment error due to deflection of thrust. The t...

The inverted-pendulum method of thrust measurement for high-power electric thrusters is described analytically and experimentally. Two sources of uncertainty in the thrust measurements are investigated: those due to changes in the sensitivity of the inverted pendulum and those due to tare forces resulting from thermal stresses and electromagnetic forces acting on the flexural elements. An ideal...