When using the term underwater imaging, what is underwater? Is it the camera? Is it the imaged object, or the light source? In most studies and engineered systems, the camera, object, and light source are all submerged. However, there may be exceptions in systems designed to operate in shallow waters, where part of the setup is above the water’s surface or where natural illumination is needed f...

The position of financial organization would be increasingly decisive in the next decade in view of the frightening competition. With the increasing number of businesses and growing competitions today, each organization wants to be the customer’s first choice and try to satisfy them for getting loyalty for their future endurance in the market.  However, it is open to ask whether the organizatio...

NE MAIN APPROACH to a theory of environmental ethics is “anthropocentricism”—that is, the human-centered approach. A single individual’s actions with regard to the environment may have an impact on all human beings. We are outraged by a direct assault perpetrated by one human being against another, especially if the perpetrator is more powerful and privileged than the victim. When the assault, ...

The users sometimes relay data packets on behalf of other users in a 4G wireless network. Most multihop applications are expected to be realized on the assumption that users will participate voluntarily. However, there is no justification regarding why users participate in multihop communications despite technical, privacy, and behavioral obstacles. Therefore, this study aims to investigate use...