Examining the universities postgraduate landscape architecture table in Iran, indicates the increasing growth in the establishment of this major course in most universities nationwide, since almost 10 years from the beginning of the first academic course of this major in the Shahid Beheshti University (SBU). As a result, every year the number of graduated entering the market is increasing in...

In this work, the melting process of compounds containing nanoparticles of NePCM in a square hole with different angles affected by two pairs of well-spring heat source on horizontal walls was numerically investigated. Four different configurations of elements were employed to investigate the effect of changes in the position of elements on the horizontal walls of the well-spring landscape on t...

in this paper, landscape allocation using genetic algorithm (laga), a spatial multi-objective land use optimization software is introduced. the software helps in searching for optimal land use when multiple objectives such as suitability, area, cohesion and edge density indices are simultaneously involved. laga is a flexible and easy to use genetic algorithm-based software for optimizing the sp...

introduction ecosystem services are the benefits that human derives from the ecosystems. these are servicessuch as goods and products (e.g., fresh water, fuel), regulation of natural processes (e.g., climate, flooding, erosion), and nonmaterial benefits (e.g., recreation, aesthetic enjoyment). many cities are located in the important ecological areas. currently 29 out of the 825 ecological zone...

1. introduction environmental changes can be monitored at many scales but the scale of landscape and region has more information in support of sustainable spatial planning. the availability of remote sensing imagery provides multi-scale observation with periodic repetitions over time. landscape and regional scales are adequately covered by satellite images. remote sensing images provide non-ave...

Landscape approaches can be subjected to mistakenly targeting a single "best" level of governance, and paying too little attention to the role that cross-scale and cross-level interactions play in governance. In rangeland settings, resources, patterns of use of those resources, and the institutions for managing the resources exist at multiple levels and scales. While the scholarship on commons ...

Perception plays a major role for interpretation or extracting information from remote sensing data and from thematic maps. With advances in information technology, there remains a necessary and critical role for the “human in the loop” in the interpretation of remotely sensed imagery, in earth sciences and cartography. On the side of information technology display systems play a critical role ...