PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to quantitatively measure the thorax-to-abdomen breathing ratio from a 4DCT dataset for breathing motion modeling and breathing motion studies. METHODS The thorax-to-abdomen breathing ratio was quantified by measuring the rate of cross-sectional volume increase throughout the thorax and abdomen as a function of tidal volume. Twent...

It has been shown that an original attitude in forward or backward inclination of the trunk is maintained at gait initiation and during locomotion, and that this affects lower limb loading patterns. However, no studies have shown the extent to which shoulder, thorax and pelvis three-dimensional kinematics are modified during gait due to this sagittal inclination attitude. Thirty young healthy v...

One of the most interesting and characteristic findings in the condition known in Great Britain as Ankylosing Spondylitis, and in the U.S.A. as Rheumatoid Spondylitis, is the diminution in thoracic, i.e. intercostal, expansion due to involvement of the costo-transverse and costo-vertebral joints. This finding is not seen as a common or characteristic feature in any of the other rheumatic diseas...

In hominoids, the broad thorax has been assumed to contribute to their dorsal scapular position. However, the dorsoventral diameter of their cranial thorax was found in one study to be longer in hominoids. There are insufficient data on thoracic shape to explain the relationship between broad thorax and dorsal scapular position. The current study presents data on multilevel cross-sectional shap...

Transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) has become the diagnostic procedure of choice in evaluation of focal chest lesions. Both advances in cross-sectional image guidance and cytopathologic techniques allow TNB to accurately diagnose malignancy and characterize a spectrum of benign conditions. Image-guided percutaneous drainage of intrathoracic collections has developed as an extension of similar pr...

hormone therapy and asthma onset in the E3N cohort. Thorax 2010;65:292e7. 15. Taylor B, Mannino D, Brown C, et al. Body mass index and asthma severity in the National Asthma Survey. Thorax 2008;63:14e20. 16. Chinn S. Asthma and obesity: where are we now? Thorax 2003;58:1008e10. 17. Behren JV, Lipsett M, Horn-Ross L, et al. Obesity, waist size and prevalence of current asthma in the Californian ...

(10%) within patients presenting co-morbidities and lower than the overall mortality. This finding reopens the debate about the low acute mortality of patients with COPD presenting with CAP. In fact COPD was a protective factor for treatment failure in one study. 15 Although the rate of acute treatment with steroids in patients with COPD is not reported in the study of Ewig et al, it is highly ...

aphrodisiac, a laxative, a spice, an ingredient in candles and cosmetics, and as a medication for treating a diversity of ailments. Its reputation soon spread around the globe. In those days ambergris was picked up on beaches or found fl oating on the sea, and its origin remained a complete mystery, thus giving rise to many fanciful and hotly debated theories. In 1574 the Flemish botanist Carol...

The route of infection can profoundly affect both the progression and outcome of disease. We investigated differences in Drosophila melanogaster defense against infection after bacterial inoculation into two sites--the abdomen and the thorax. Thorax inoculation results in increased bacterial proliferation and causes high mortality within the first few days of infection. In contrast, abdomen ino...