Patients presumed to have lower limb symptoms localizing to the lumbar or lumbosacral plexus require rigorous electrophysiological evaluation. Entities that cause lumbosacral plexopathies may be patchy, asymmetrical and more diffuse than initially suspected. As a result, bilateral nerve conduction studies and needle examination outside those routinely tested and clinically affected may be neede...

BACKGROUND Despite being the most common tumor of the spine, vertebral hemangioma is rarely symptomatic in adults. In fact, only 0.9-1.2% of all vertebral hemangiomas may be symptomatic. When hemangiomas occur in the thoracic vertebrae, they are more likely to be symptomatic due to the narrow vertebral canal dimensions that mandate more aggressive management prior to the onset of severe neurolo...

An 11-month-old female spayed Labrador Retriever was presented for examination because of progressive gait abnormality and multiple joint deformities of approximately 6 months’ duration. Mild intermittent lameness of the left thoracic limb was first noticed after exercise when the dog was approximately 5 months of age. Within a month, the lameness had progressed to affect the contralateral thor...

Thoracic aortic dissection is a dangerous disease. It usually presents as severe chest or back pain. Symptoms resulting from aortic branch involvement may also be involved. Sometimes, it presents with atypical symptoms. Here, we report a patient who came to the emergency department (ED) because of acute onset of right upper limb weakness and numbness. Brain computed tomography (CT) was performe...

The locomotor central pattern generator is a neural network in the spinal cord that can generate the basic motor pattern for locomotion in the absence of sensory feedback or rhythmic input from the brain. Most research in rodents has focused on hind limb movements: the hind limb CPG is located in lower thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord. This network generates both the locomotor rh...

Study of four poorly known cladocera species of the genus Camptocercus Baird,1843 (Anomopoda: Chydoridae): North American C. oklahomensis Mackin, 1930, and three Palearctic species, C. uncinatus Smirnov, 1971, C. fennicus Stenroos, 1898, and C. lilljeborgi Schoedler, 1862, revealed strong differences between them in both outer morphology and morphology of appendages. C. oklahomensis lacks a hea...

Gout rarely compresses the thoracic spinal cord. A 43-year-old man presented with lower limb paraparesis. MRI showed a soft tissue swelling at the level of T10/T11. He was managed with a laminectomy and evacuation of a presumed abscess and started on intravenous antibiotics. However, histology confirmed tophaceous gout.

Prosthetics is a modern area of interest and a challenge in Orthopedics. Over time, there has been a transition from an artisanal method of prosthetics production to modern concepts and materials, including a re-education through virtual reality. The conditions for an efficient fitting of a prosthesis include the necessity that the prosthesis respects the form and function of the lost limb, bot...

Targets in limb regions of the chick embryo are further removed from the dorsal root ganglia that innervate them compared with thoracic ganglion-to-target distances. It has been inferred that axons grow into the limb regions two to three times faster than into nonlimb regions. We tested whether the differences were due to intrinsic properties of the neurons located at different segmental levels...

RATIONALE Lumbar degenerative scoliosis (LDS) is a common spinal disease for senior citizens. However, LDS accompanied with thoracic lordosis and lumbar kyphosis (LK) is rare in clinic. No reports have reported LDS with thoracic lordosis and LK. PATIENT CONCERNS A 54-year-old woman just complained about sever back pain without any radiculopathy and neurodeficit of low limb for 2 years, Visual...