BACKGROUND Evidence for a relationship between trihalomethane (THM) or haloacetic acid (HAA) exposure and adverse fetal growth is inconsistent. Disinfection by-products exist as complex mixtures in water supplies, but THMs and HAAs have typically been examined separately. OBJECTIVES We investigated joint exposure at the individual level to THMs and HAAs in relation to birth weight in the mult...

The occurrence and the fate of trihalomethanes (THMs) in the water supply system of Hanoi City, Vietnam was investigated from 1998 to 2001. The chlorination efficiency, THM speciation, and, THM formation potential (THMFP) was determined in the water works and in tap water. With regard to THM formation, three types of groundwater resources were identified: (I) high bromide, (II) low bromide, and...

BACKGROUND Human health risk assessment from exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking and bathing water vary from country to country as per life expectancy, body mass index, water consumption pattern and individual concentration of DBPs component, etc. METHODS Present study considered average direct water intake per person for adult males and females as 4 & 3 L/day, respect...

For stricter drinking water regulations in the future, reducing the humic acid and disinfection byproducts in raw water, namely, trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) is worthy for research. To investigate the removal of waterborne organic material using a lab-scale of bio-activated carbon filter under different EBCT, the concentrations of humic acid prepared were 0.01, 0.03, 0.06,...

Concern for exposures to drinking water contaminants and their effects on adverse birth outcomes has prompted several studies evaluating chlorination disinfection by-products and chlorinated solvents. Some of these contaminants are found to be teratogenic in animal studies. This review evaluates 14 studies on chlorination disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and five studies ...

Water chlorination results in formation of a variety of organic compounds, known as chlorination by-products (CBPs), mainly trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Factors affecting their concentrations have been found to be organic matter content of water, pH, temperature, chlorine dose, contact time and bromide concentration, but the mechanisms of their formation are still under i...

AND YUEFENG F. XIE aloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) are the major disinfection by-products (DBPs) found in chlorinated drinking water. Nine species of HAAs are commonly found in chlorinated water: monochloroacetic acid (ClAA), monobromoacetic acid (BrAA), dichloroacetic acid (Cl2AA), bromochloroacetic acid (BrClAA), dibromoacetic acid (Br2AA), trichloroacetic acid (Cl3AA), brom...

We analyse the known decoding algor i thms for algebraic geometry codes in the case where the number of errors is greater than or equal to L(dFR 1)/21+ 1, where d F R is the Feng-Rao distance.

Iodine containing disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) and haloacetaldehydes (HALs) are emerging disinfection by-product (DBP) classes of concern. The former due to its increased potential toxicity and the latter because it was found to be the third most relevant DBP class in mass in a U.S. nationwide drinking water study. These DBP classes have been scarcely investigated, and this work was perfor...

BACKGROUND Evidence associating exposure to water disinfection by-products with reduced birth weight and altered duration of gestation remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We assessed exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) during pregnancy through different water uses and evaluated the association with birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm delivery. METHO...