The paper reminds of the vision behind Intellectics, the discipline of Arti cial Intelligence (AI) and Cognitive Science, and argues that the time has come for attacking fundamental questions with a number of big interdisciplinary and international projects.

We consider real-time planning problems in which some states are unsolvable, i.e., have no path to a goal. Such problems are difficult for real-time planning algorithms such as RTA* in which all states must be solvable. We identify a property called k-safeness, in which the consequences of a bad choice become apparent within k moves after the choice is made. When k is not too large, this makes ...

Biologists and philosophers have offered differing concepts of biological race. That is, they have offered different candidates for what a biological correlate of race might be; for example, races might be subspecies, clades, lineages, ecotypes, or genetic clusters. One thing that is striking about each of these proposals is that they all depend on a concept of population. Indeed, some authors ...

purpose: this study intends to investigate the demographic differences of critical thinking dispositions in the employees of the central library, museum, and documents center of astane qudse razavi. methodology: in this study, carried out via descriptive method, the participants were 163 employees of the organization of libraries. they were asked to complete a researcher-made questionnaire and ...

Can gestures alter thought? Thinking about time is deeply interlinked with actions in space, and gestures are abstracted actions. Four experiments showed that gestures alter thinking about time. Participants heard the same speech accompanied by different gestures. The viewed gestures biased listeners toward circular or linear thinking, toward parallel or sequential thinking, toward moving-ego o...

Individual difference studies suggest that reasoners highest in cognitive capacity favor analytic, normative responses over fallacious, heuristic responses. The present study complemented reasoning accuracy with timing data to obtain an indication of the nature of the reasoning process underlying the response selection. A total of 199 participants were presented with a measure of working memory...