Thin-film evaporation from a meniscus in a confined space, which is the basis for many two-phase cooling devices, is experimentally investigated. The meniscus formed by heptane, a highly wetting liquid, on a heated, fused quartz substrate is studied. Microscale infrared temperature measurements performed near the thin-film region of the evaporating meniscus reveal the temperature suppression ca...

Evaporating liquid layers are found in many areas of science and technology, so their practical significance is rather high. Examples include evaporative cooling and numerous coating applications. In the latter a substrate is coated with a layer of solution which, upon the evaporation of solvent, leaves a layer of solute on the surface of the substrate. The main difference between various coati...

over the past decade, many applications were intended for filtration by membrane technology especially the thin film composite (tfc) membranes. in advanced developments of thin film membranes, an attempt was made to spread a new generation of membranes called thin film nano composite (tfn) membranes. however, in the last generation of tfns, an ultrathin selective film of nanoparticles is coated...

We have used three-dimensional atom probe tomography to analyze several nanometer-thick and monomolecular films on gold surfaces. High-purity gold wire was etched by electropolishing to create a sharp tip suitable for field evaporation with a radius of curvature of <100 nm. The near-surface region of a freshly etched gold tip was examined with the atom probe at subnanometer spatial resolution a...

CIS (Cu-InSe) thin films were prepared onto glass substrate by the two stage process—generally called bilayer process. At first, Cu layer was deposited onto glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique and then InSe single layer was deposited on the resulting Cu layer to produce CIS thin film. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis revealed that deposited film has an amorphous nature. Elect...

THE deposition of organic semiconductors, e.g. Pentacene (C22H12) and Alq31, becomes more and more important. Due to lower process temperatures, the manufacturing of organic electronic devices such as light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and thin film transistors (OTFTs) is less energy consuming. Additionally, these low temperatures also make it possible to use flexible substrates, e.g. plastic films,...

Cooling demands of advanced electronics are increasing rapidly, often exceeding capabilities of conventional thermal management techniques. Thin film evaporation has emerged as one of the most promising thermal management solutions. High heat transfer rates can be achieved in thin films of liquids due to a small conduction resistance through the film to the evaporating interface. In this thesis...

The effect of evaporation rate on structural, morphological and optical properties of electron beam evaporated CdS thin films have been investigated. CdS thin film deposited by electron beam evaporation method in 12nm/min and 60nm/min evaporation rates on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy were used to character...

Formation of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells exhibiting both high efficiency and stability under continuous operation remains a challenge. Here, we show this can be achieved by using a defective TiO2 thin film as the electron transport layer. TiO2 layers with native defects are deposited by electron beam evaporation in an oxygen-deficient environment. Deep-level hole traps are intr...

We present a transmission electron microscopy ~TEM!/Rutherford backscattering spectrometry ~RBS!/x-ray-diffraction ~XRD! study of Au evaporated on crystalline organic thin films of diindenoperylene ~DIP!. Cross-sectional TEM shows that the preparation conditions of the Au film ~evaporation rate and substrate temperature! strongly determine the interfacial morphology. In situ XRD during annealin...