Existing thermal comfort field studies are mainly focused on the relationship between the indoor physical environment and the thermal comfort. In numerous chamber experiments, physiological parameters were adopted to assess thermal comfort, but the experiments' conclusions may not represent a realistic thermal environment due to the highly controlled thermal environment and few occupants. This ...

Heat exchanges with the environment are crucial processes for maintaining homeothermy by humans and other animals. These exchanges involve heat production, conservation, and dissipation, and are dependent on both biological and physical factors. The complexity of these exchanges has led to many attempts to represent the environmental aspects by surrogate thermal indices as a basis for assessing...

Potted electronics are becoming quite common in precision artillery applications due to demands for increased structural-robustness of these miniaturized smart-munitions. In field artillery applications, the potted electronics are inactive for most of their lifetime where they may have been stored in a bunker without environmental (temperature and humidity) controls for up to 20 years. In contr...

Functionally graded materials are commonly used in thermal environment to change the properties of constituent materials. The new numerical procedure of functionally graded skew plates in thermal environment is presented in this study based on the C0-form of the novel third-order shear deformation theory. Without the shear correction factor, this theory is also taking the desirable properties a...

Six Holstein cows (averaging 475 kg body weight, 2.3 parities and 96 d in lactation) fitted with catheters in the hepatic portal vein, mesenteric vein and intercostalis posterior artery were exposed to treatments of thermal comfort environments with libitum or restricted (75% of ad libitum) DM intake and a thermal stress environment with ad libitum intake in two balanced 3 x 3 latin squares to ...

Introduction: Interior heat flow provides essential constraints on the thermal and chemical evolution of planetary bodies. On the moon, heat flow instrument designs typically have to reach depths below the annual solar thermal wave for the Moon (2-3 m), or alternatively methods must be applied to be able to decouple the influence of the relatively large temperature gradients associated with the...