It is a standard assumption that subordinate clauses like relative, embedded declarative, and interrogative clauses in natural language vary according to their morphosyntactic and semantic characteristics. Their morphosyntactic variation is expressed in the presence/absence of a wh-word, a relative pronoun, or an overt complementizer; syntactic transparency (embedded declaratives) or opacity (e...

In this article, the so-called wh-relative clause construction is investigated. The German wh-relative clauses are syntactically relevant as they show both, root clause and subordinate clause properties. They matter semantically because they are introduced by a wh-anaphor that has to be resolved by an appropriate abstract entity of the matrix clause. Additionally, the wh-relative clause constru...

Wh-questions are answered with a list of pairs when quantified expressions such as "every professor" interact with wh-phrases. The theory of branching quantification is extended to wh-quantifier interactions to account for the question reading associated with list answers. It is also shown that there are several phenomena which would be better explained when functional variables are incorporate...

In German, complex wh-interrogatives can optionally be formed by inserting the 3 person neuter wh-pronoun was in the matrix (Spec,CP) position, instead of long-distance wh-raising. It is generally assumed that 'expletive' was serves as a placeholder for a contentful whexpression lower down in the sentence, which substitutes for it at the level of semantic interpretation. It can be shown, howeve...

One of the most pervasive properties of human language is the existence of dependencies: necessary relationships that hold between two elements in a sentence. The primary objects of study in this volume are long-distance “fillergap” dependencies – a special subset of dependencies that are not constrained by standard measures of length such as number of words or number of clauses. For example, w...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the wh movement for Romanian in TAG formalisrn. Romanian shares free extractibility from tensed clauses with its Rornance sister languages and it has borrowed multiple wh-fronting from the slavic languages. These features of Rornanian are quoted by Kroch (1989) frorn Comorovsky (1986) , where he justifies the analysis of extractions in TAG. This formalism all...

Using two specific anti-peptide antibodies (WH-66 and WH-412) against tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH or WH), a single principle band from the midbrain raphe area was seen (approximately 49 kDa) in immunoblots. Densitometric comparison of the immunoreactivity of the 49 kDa band was greater (50-75%) in immunoblots of midbrain raphe samples from adrenalectomized (ADX) rats given dexamethasone (DEX) i...

and Applied Analysis 3 In scientific and engineering computations, many eigenvalue problems have the following first type of mixed variational formulation: find λ, u, σ ∈ R × V × W , u, σ / 0, 0 , such that a ( u, ψ ) b ( ψ, σ ) λ ( u, ψ ) D, ∀ψ ∈ V, 2.3 b u, v 0, ∀v ∈ W. 2.4 In order to solve problem 2.3 2.4 , one should construct finite element spaces Vh ⊂ V and Wh ⊂ W . Restricting 2.3 2.4 o...