In Early Modern Persian prose and verse, verbs with a present stem accompanied by grapheme "-y" have been used to express modal concepts of imperative and command or invocation and request. Researchers, regardless of the historical changes of Early Modern Persian, believe that this structure of  subjunctive 2nd person singular has been used to express imperative mood, and that &q...

The development of the use of the third-person singular -s in open syllable verbs in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their typically developing peers was examined. Verbs that included overt productions of the third-person singular -s morpheme (e.g. Bobby plays ball everyday; Bear laughs when mommy buys popcorn) were contrasted with clearly bare stem contexts (e.g. Mommy, bu...

Every day, we primarily experience actions as agents, by having a concrete perspective on our actions, their means and goals. This peculiar perspective is what allows us to successfully plan and execute our actions in a dense social environment. Nevertheless, in this environment actions are also perceived from an observer's perspective. Adopting such a perspective helps us to understand and res...

Abstract Spelling has been found to be influenced by the frequency with which certain orthographic patterns occur. We examined whether Grades 2–5 children were already sensitive in spelling present tense verb inflections that sound same but are spelled differently. Children asked spell tenses two homophonous forms; both pronounced final /t/ -d (“ik vind,” I find ) or -dt (“hij/zij vindt,” he/sh...

This study presents new data on pitch accent (PA) alignment in Sardinian, a Romance language spoken in Italy. We propose that what has been described as “stress shift” involved in encliticization processes is not a change in the word level stress, but a change in the association of the pitch accent. Our claim is that word level stress remains in situ, and the falling tune which our data exhibit...

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) vary widely in their ability to use tense/agreement inflections depending on the type of language being acquired, a fact that current accounts of SLI have tried to explain. Finnish provides an important test case for these accounts because: (1) verbs in the first and second person permit null subjects whereas verbs in the third person do not; and...

Many English-speaking children with specific language impairment have unusual difficulty with grammatical morphemes such as past tense and third-person singular verb inflections and function words such as articles. Unfortunately, the source of this difficulty is not yet clear, in part because some of the possible contributing factors are confounded in English. In the present study, alternative ...

This paper describes a knowledge-poor anaphora resolution approach based on shallow meaning representation of sentences. Within our representation, we define a new local domain which provides a powerful cue for resolving pronominal anaphora. Other information used included syntactic information, syntactic parallelism and salience weights. We collected 111 singular 3 person pronouns from open do...