The transition to “Industry 4.0” or the “Fourth Industrial Revolution” is a difficult step, within which automated technologies are being introduced into all areas of production industries. aim this introduction provide exchange data between devices, databases and systems varying difficulty level without human intervention. This also formalization standardization, therefore requires use new for...

Theories of international outsourcing predict rises in firms’ innovation rates mediated through lower wages per worker. Consistent with the predictions of Glass and Saggi (2001), we find a tradeoff between wages and innovation. However, we do not find that the proportion of internationally outsourced service inputs reduces but rather increases a firm’s wage per worker, a result most likely driv...

In Japanese, there are a large number of notational variants of words. This is because Japanese words are written in three kinds of characters: kanji (Chinese) characters, hiragara letters, and katakana letters. Japanese students study basic rules of Japanese writing in school for many years. However, it is difficult to learn which variant is suitable for a certain context in official, business...

Our work is concerned with the design of adaptive hypertext systems that produce documents tailored to their intended reader. In our approach, a system composes document on-the-fly, assembling existing text fragments. One of our challenges in this approach is to support the technical writer who configures the system. The task of the technical writer is to specify the structure of the documents ...

the character of cosmopolitanism in e-commerce disputes is much more complicated than in normal international transactions. internet environment has created challenges and changes about the governing law of contracts in this space. this cyber space has technical and legal differences in compared with physical environment. in this paper, we intend to answer this question that in dispute arising ...

uments. The application demonstrated in this work is restricted to cutaway diagrams with a particular visual representation. The global approach in which it is integrated is of a far more general interest, however: Our principal aim is to automatically generate an XML description of a graphical document that will allow for further use of its content by establishing links within the document or ...

In this paper, we describe some of the interactions between layout and language we have been dealing with in recent applied NLP projects. We present two complementary views of lists and tables, intended to bridge the gap between considering them as a type of running text (which linguistics knows how to deal with) and as a multi-dimensional relation represented in two dimensions, which may have ...