Presidents’ informal powers remain under-investigated especially in Western European democracies. This gap might hamper the full understanding of how presidents ultimately behave and act. The objective this article is twofold. First, it aims at adopting a definition presidents’ by distinguishing them from formal ones institutions. Second, distinguishes among different kind focusing on why use t...

It has been common for studies presented as about American sociology as a whole to rely on data compiled from leading journals (American Sociological Review [ASR] and American Journal of Sociology [AJS]), or about presidents of the American Sociological Association [ASA], to represent it. Clearly those are important, but neither can be regarded as providing a representative sample of American s...

In this historical analysis of US foreign policy toward Iran during the presidency of George W. Bush, the author aims to decipher the overarching policy approach guiding United States' Iran policy in the context of the main issues arising during this time period. George W. Bush started his presidency with the legacy of past presidents, viewing Iran as a threat to US interests and drawing from t...

The study examines the presidential campaign manifestos of Presidents Muhammadu Buhari Federal Republic Nigeria in 2015 and Donald Trump United States America 2016. Specifically, it sets out to analyse these presidents’ speech promises on security using cooperative principle, ascertain conformity their job creation theory principle. also examine two health care Using secondary source as method ...