This paper investigates the endogenous money supply hypothesis in Iran. To this end, we attempt to find causality directions between bank credits and money aggregates. Utilizing Diks and Panchenko’s (2006) nonparametric Granger causality test for the time series data over the period 2006:04-2018:12 confirms the existence of a significant causality running from bank credits to money aggregates. ...

T his empirical analysis endeavors to trace out the causal nexus between core inflation and economic growth from the perspective of twenty worlds’ leading economy with the help of the nonlinear Granger causality approach by using time series data from 1981 to 2016. Based on nonlinear Granger causality results, it has been found that there is unidirectional casualty running from core ...

Over the past three decades, China’s economy has witnessed remarkable growth, with an average annual growth rate over 9%. However, China also faces great challenges to balance this spectacular economic growth and continuously increasing energy use like many other economies in the world. With the aim of designing effective energy and environmental policies, policymakers are required to master th...

The purpose of this study was to examine more closely the assumptions of causality in research on communication and political knowledge. Although most communication theory suggests that communication causes learning, some have argued for the reverse causal direction or reciprocal causality. Others have confounded these concepts—in conjunction with political interest—in measures of political “so...

This paper explores the causal relationship between economic growth, trade openness and energy consumption using data of 15 Asian countries. The study covers the period of 1980–2011. We have applied panel cointegration and causality approaches to examine the long-run and causal relationship between variables. Empirical results confirm the presence of cointegration between variables. The impact ...