the principle of tort law is that the liability is based on the act prejudicial that in iranian law in conformity with the article 1 of tort law code and in french law in conformity with the article 1382 of civil code, this act must be guilty. the harmful act in determining responsible in tort law is necessary. if the chain of causes of action for compensation for damaging responsible is a pers...

when the victim contributes to the damage, the apportionment of liability is necessary, and the amount of compensation awarded to the victim should be reduced. also, when more than one person injures someone, the liability must be divided between them. but the problem is that how to apportion liability? should the liability be apportioned equally or different? and if the latter is true, how the...

the world of law has been dominated by waves of codification or re-codification and by currents of harmonization and unification. innumerable institutions, not only in europe but around the globe including in iran, try to bring legal systems together, and to suggest uniform laws. such attempts necessarily rely on comparative law as the first methodological tool. the european experience is an il...

Next to the three parties of the criminal process traditionally considered, viz. the judge, the prosecutor and the suspect, there is fourth party: the victim. We describe a project we carried out for Dutch Victim Support Organization (DVSO). The project deals with the type of tool that should be developed to assist the volunteers of the DVSO to set the amount of damages to be asked from the sus...

A productive approach to studying the role of representations in supporting students’ learning of science content is to examine their representational practices. The current study examines kindergarten and first-grade students’ representational practices in a similar context—the creation of storyboards—both before and after a curricular intervention in order to highlight those aspects of their ...

the decision of court and public prosecution in criminal matter has a absolute res judicats. the main conditions of res judicats (cause, object and person unity) become mooted in criminal law again, but criminal law is differ from civil law in this matter. in civil law, res judicats consider according to general conditions but criminal law can not consider upon those conditions. many cases, spe...

without general principles, no system of law is conceivable. these principles have special position not only in domestic but also in international law. general principles would have been invoked even though those principles were not cited as the sources of international law in accordance with the statute of icj, article 38. those are taken into account as the independent source of international...

in iranian law, the claims of medical civil responsibility (medical negligence) can be resolved on the basis of traditional rules of civil responsibility (tort), and there is no special law in this regard. through the legal systems of the would (specially french law) medical civil responsibility system has been changed a lot. these changes have been for the compensation of the victims of medica...