Droughts are natural disasters with a significant impact on the economy and social life. Prolonged droughts can cause even more damage than floods. The novelty of this work lies in definition synthetic drought hydrograph (SDH) which be derived at each gaging station river network. Based hydrographs (DHs) recorded for selected station, SDH is statistically characterized provides valuable informa...

Two types of unit hydrograph (UH) are discussed, with an emphasis on uncertainties. The paper reviews the 1-parameter triangular unit hydrograph (UH) employed to assist with systematic design flood hydrograph estimation for ungauged United Kingdom catchments. A 6-parameter rainfall-runoff model that incorporates a 3-parameter UH is also discussed. The precision and accuracy of characteristic de...

time–area method is one of the most widely applied techniques of watershed routing, and can be potentially used as a distributed model. in this paper, a fundamental flaw in the arrangement of subareas in the original time-area histogram is identified for one-dimensional flow. this is conducted on the basis of comparing time-area hydrograph with that of the kinematic wave theorem. accordingly, a...

Lough Gur is a shallow groundwater fed eutrophic lake situated within small agricultural catchment containing volcanic and karst rock features in mid-west Ireland. Seasonally active conduits linking two spring discharge locations from the under high flow conditions were revealed using dye tracing terrestrial geophysical survey, highlighting architecture of conduit path to its spring. A radon su...