even though subsequent to the cold war, washington and moscow geostrategic competition came to an end in many parts of the world, a fresh rivalry has been sparked between them in central asia and the caucasus. this rivalry has been developed between regional and transregional powers with the aim of gaining geopolitical advantages, enhancement of security structures, dominance over energy resour...

While the geographical and economic factors concerning the development of hub ports are widely described by a variety of scholars and professionals, there is no recognized methodology measuring the hub dependence of a given port, region, or country. Based on a 20-years database of vessel movements, this paper proposes a methodology measuring hub dependence. North Korea offers a good case of a c...