Learning locations of danger within our environment is a vital adaptive ability whose neural bases are only partially understood. We examined fMRI brain activity while participants navigated a virtual environment in which flowers appeared and were "picked." Picking flowers in the danger zone (one-half of the environment) predicted an electric shock to the wrist (or "bee sting"); flowers in the ...

Antarctica provides an excellent environment to examine the natural and background aerosols in the atmosphere over snow and ice. The Indian efforts (metrological measurements) at Antarctica were initiated with the establishment of the first Antarctic station in Eastern Antarctica during the first Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) in 1981. The detailed and systematic characteriza...

More and more military first-person shooters situate their action in contemporary conflicts, with some claiming to various degrees to realistically depicted that conflict. Using the recently released game Medal of Honor as an example, this paper shows that such realism is made impossible by the presence of three ideological constructs found in military shooters: the FPS apparatus, the military-...

Muslims in France: Identifying a Discriminatory Equilibrium We analyze the assimilation patterns of Muslim immigrants in Western countries with a unique identification strategy. Survey and experimental data collected in France in 2009 reveal that Muslims and rooted French are locked in a sub-optimal equilibrium whereby (i) rooted French exhibit taste-based discrimination against those they are ...