Hot super-Earths are exoplanets with masses ≤ 10M⊕ and orbital periods≤ 20 days. Around 8 hot super-Earths have been discovered in the neighborhood of solar system. In this lecture, we review the mechanisms for the formation of hot super-Earths, dynamical effects that play important roles in sculpting the architecture of the multiple planetary systems. Two example systems (HD 40307 and GJ 436) ...

Agar/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were synthesized in the presence of an external magnetic field (~ 0.4 Tesla) and their characteristics were compared with the samples synthesized without considering the external magnetic field. In this study we used Fe2+ and Fe3+ for synthesizing Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in the presence of agar as polymeric additive, by co-precipitation technique. Vibrating sample...

In this article, the second quantization method has been used to investigate some thermodynamic properties of spin-polarized metallic nanowire in the presence of magnetic field at zero temperature. We have been observed that in different magnetic field, the equilibrium energy of system increases as the density increases. The spin-polarization parameter corresponding to the equilibrium state of ...

Magnetic field  improved germination parameters. The germination of Catharanthus roseus seeds is lost under salinity conditions. The effect of different strengths of magnetic field and exposure durations on the germination of C. roseus seeds under salinity conditions (19 mS cm-1) were investigated. The experiment was conducted  with factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design ...

this study was intended to investigate the effectiveness of static magnetic field on the growth of escherichia coli (e. coli) provided from two sources, the urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections and the reference strain e. coli atcc 25922. bacterial samples in nutrient broth were subjected to a range of magnetic intensities (2, 4, 6, 9, 14, 16, 18, and 20 mt) at various exposu...

polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are naturally occurring polyester that can be accumulated in bacterial cells as a carbon and energy storage compound. they are metabolized by many microorganisms. these biopolymers accumulate in microbial cells under stress conditions such as limitation of nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur, oxygen, and excess carbon source. currently, phas have attracted increasing intere...