Differences between avalanche experts and novices have long been cited as a key issue in designing effective avalanche education, yet few investigations have quantitatively explored these differences. In this study, we examine how self-reported training, knowledge, skills, and behavior differ between avalanche experts and novices. From 2002 to 2004, we surveyed 300 avalanche professionals and w...

introduction: depending on mode, intensity and length of application, and stage of development, the low-frequency electromagnetic fields (lfes) can induce a wide variety of biological effects in organisms. the chick limb bud is a powerful experimental system for study pattern formation in vertebrate embryo. the aim of this study was to examine the effects of an application lfes (50hz, 50g) on c...

The best way to reduce avalanche accidents, is good avalanche forecasting, warning and education. Avalanches are influenced by a large variety of different factors, that have to be taken into consideration. Understanding the cross linking between these factors is very important but not easy to explain in books or verbally. A CD-ROM provides an ideal and up-to date medium of presenting and illus...

This paper presents a simple yet e ective method for transforming Boolean functions that do not satisfy the strict avalanche criterion SAC into ones that satisfy the criterion Such a method has a wide range of applications in designing cryptographically strong functions including substitution boxes S boxes employed by common key block encryption algorithms The rst author was supported in part b...

A fast, hydrodynamic numerical model has been developed on the COMSOL Multi-physics platform to simulate evolution and dynamics of charged particles in gaseous ionization detectors based Gaseous Electron Multipliers (GEM). Effects using two-dimensional (2D), 2D axisymmetric three-dimensional(3D) models have analyzed choose optimum configuration. The chosen used follow entire operating regime si...

The purpose of the present paper is to propose a new method for avalanche hazard mapping using a combination of statistical and deterministic modelling tools. The methodology is based on frequency-weighted impact pressure, and uses an avalanche dynamics model embedded within a statistical framework. The outlined procedure provides a useful way for avalanche experts to produce hazard maps for th...

After the analysis of surface samples and core samples collected in Xinyanggang tidal land, the contents of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cr were obtained and analyzed in this paper. The heavy metal accumulation rule and pollution status were studied by Index of geo-accumulation, latent ecological risk index method, and elements accumulation index method. The research suggests that (1) the contents of heavy ...

This paper presents a novel analytical technique of examining the avalanche characteristics of cryptographic substitution boxes (s-boxes) using the Walsh Hadamard spectral analysis of their Boolean maps. Avalanche is a desirable cryptographic property that is necessary to ensure that a cipher is not susceptible to statistical attacks and small difference between two plaintexts results in a sign...