We document changes in the structure of earnings during the economic transition in Poland. We find that inequality in labor earnings increased substantially from 1988 to 1996. A common view is that the reallocation of workers from a public sector with a compressed wage distribution, to a private sector with much higher wage inequality, accounts for the bulk of increased earnings inequality duri...

The U.S. Army wants to ensure that the Future Force Warrior (FFW) will see first, understand first, act first and finish decisively as the means to tactical success. The Army of the future conceives of small combat units with netted communications enhanced with information from distributed and fused sensors, tactical intelligent assets enabling increased situation assessment, and on-the-move pl...

Twentieth-century Germany’s (military) history has been the subject of heated, sometimes acrimonious controversies in the Federal Republic. In recent years, historians and the German public have been engaged, for example, in debates over the relative merit of different kinds of German resistance against National Socialism, and over the place of deserters in German history of the Second World Wa...

Union Major soldier. One of the most famous and controversial figures in United States Military history. Graduated last in his West Point Class (June 1861). Spent first part of the Civil War as a courier and staff officer. Promoted from Captain to Br igadier General of Volunteers just prior to the Battle of Gettysburg, and was given command of the Michigan "Wolverines" Cavalary brigade. He help...

WILLIAM GIBSON, born about I680, was the first ofa succession ofeighteenthcentury British surgeons to turn to the then distasteful subject of farriery as a career, or as a medium for the exercise of literary talent. Concerning his early life we have little information. Presumably he was trained as a surgeon via the usual apprenticeship route; the first notice of his public life dates to I714, a...

Irving Janis introduced the theory of groupthink in his classic study Victims of Groupthink in 1972. He attempted to determine why groups, often consisting of individuals with exceptional intellect and talent, made irrational decisions. He concluded that groups often experienced groupthink, a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive group, when the memb...

Thomas Graham Balfour (1813-1891) joined the Army Medical Department in 1836, becoming Assistant Surgeon to the 1st (Grenadier) Guards in 1840. He went on to become Surgeon-General of the British Army, and is chiefly remembered for his analyses of the military medical and veterinary (equine) statistics that had accrued since the Battle of Waterloo. Major Alexander Tulloch, Balfour’s superior of...

Commander S is a new approach to interactive Unix shells based on interpretation of command output and cursor-oriented terminal programs. The user can easily refer to the output of previous commands when composing new command lines or use interactive viewers to further explore the command results. Commander S is extensible by plug-ins for parsing command output and for viewing command results i...