We are thankful to Dr. Drobnis for her insights and balanced comments with regard to our article titled “comparison of sperm retrieval and reproductive outcome in azoospermic men with testicular failure and obstructive azoospermia treated for infertility”.1 Our main objective was to offer firm information that could be used as a counseling tool by doctors treating patients with azoospermia‐rela...

The introduction of the technique of intracytoplasmic sperm injection to achieve fertilization, especially using surgically retrieved testicular or epididymal sperm from men with obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia, has revolutionized the field of assisted reproduction. The techniques for the retrieval of spermatozoa vary from relatively simple percutaneous sperm aspiration to open excis...

BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to review the results of microsurgically performed testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and to evaluate its possible long term effects on serum testosterone (T). METHODS We operated on 48 men (35 +/- 8 years) with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). If no spermatozoa were found following a micro epididymal sperm extraction (Silber et al., 1994) and testicular ...

The ultimate goal in the treatment of cryptorchidism is to achieve normal fertility. However, in a substantial number of cryptorchid males, early and apparently successful orchidopexy does not improve fertility as it does not address the underlying pathophysiological cause, namely, the impaired transformation of gonocytes into Ad spermatogonia. It is important to realize that over half the pati...

Background & objective Regarding the importance of histologic examination of testicular biopsy for clinical planning of infertility, the current study was conducted to compare 2 separate histologic examination of testicular biopsy. Also, some cases with known fertility outcome were followed and their histological patterns were also compared with those of the outcome. Methods The current study...

The testicular tumor metastatic spread via the lymphatic system, and the anatomical distribution of this, finds his target in the retroperitoneal nodes. Male patient 28 years old with a history of bilateral orchidopexy is presented. It was performed a left orchiectomy and a biopsy of the ulcerated right inguinal mass, with diagnosis of malignant teratoma. Metastatic testicular tumors in inguina...

A new method is described for the enzymatic preparation of testicular tissue to obtain vital spermatozoa for ICSI. The tissue obtained from both testes by biopsy is studied by means of the semi-thin section method as well as being cryo-preserved. If spermatid formation is assured by semi-thin section histology, vital spermatozoa from the cryo-preserved portion of testicular tissue are enzymatic...

Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. To interpret these testicular causes, biopsy of testis and its classification becomes an important tool for diagnoses. Biopsy is mostly done in severe oligozoospermic or azoospermic patients. Biopsies are also important in recent times due to introduction of Assisted Reproductive ...