The osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) stabilizes the tertiary but not the secondary structures of RNA. However, molecular dynamics simulations performed on the PreQ1 riboswitch showed that TMAO destabilizes the tertiary riboswitch structure, leading us to hypothesize that the presence of RNA could result in enhanced population of the protonated form, TMAOP. Constant pH replica exchange sim...

We reviewed the etiology and management of secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) that is appropriate and in response to a stimulus, most commonly low serum calcium. In secondary hyperparathyroidism, the serum calcium is normal and the PTH level is elevated. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is characteri...

Given the importance of non-coding RNAs to cellular regulatory functions and rapid growth of RNA transcripts, computational prediction of RNA tertiary structure remains highly demanded yet significantly challenging. Even for a short RNA sequence, the space of tertiary conformations is immense; existing methods to identify native-like conformations mostly resort to random sampling of conformatio...

Devising pedagogical strategies that will engage students in ways which will assure the development of their skills of critique and analysis presents a challenge to tertiary teachers. This paper draws on data from a recent case-based evaluation study to argue that innovative assessment and the development of social presence in online learning environments can contribute to developing skills of ...

A statistical thermodynamic model is developed for chain molecules with simple RNA tertiary contacts. The model, which accounts for the excluded volume effect and the nonadditivity in the free energy, enables reliable predictions for the conformational entropy and partition function for simple tertiary folds. Illustrative applications are made to conformational transitions involving simple tert...

the acute intravenous toxicities of a selection of three potential long-acting local anaesthetics belonging to the series of2- phenoxyethyldialkylamine were determined in mice. two of the compounds were tertiary amines and the third a quaternary ammonium derivative.the i.v. median lethal dose, (ldso) of one of the tertiary compounds, 21a [n, n- diethyl-2- (2,6- diisopropyl) ethyl amine hydrochl...

Acquisition of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure is critical to the fabrication, assembly, and function of ion channels, yet the relationship between these biogenic events remains unclear. We now address this issue in voltage-gated K(+) channels (Kv) for the T1 domain, an N-terminal Kv recognition domain that is responsible for subfamily-specific, efficient assembly of Kv subunits. ...

A new iridium catalyzed reductive coupling reaction of Grignard reagents and tertiary amides affording functionalised tertiary amine products via an efficient and technically-simple one-pot, two-stage experimental protocol, is reported. The reaction – which can be carried out on gram-scale using as little as 1 mol% Vaska's complex [IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2] and TMDS as the terminal reductant for the ini...

BACKGROUND Accessibility to tertiary intensive care resources differs among hospitals within a rural region. Determining whether accessibility is associated with outcome is important for understanding the role of regionalization when providing critical care to a rural population. METHODS In a prospective design, we identified and recorded the mortality ratio, percentage of unanticipated death...

A requirement for specific RNA folding is that the free-energy landscape discriminate against non-native folds. While tertiary interactions are critical for stabilizing the native fold, they are relatively non-specific, suggesting additional mechanisms contribute to tertiary folding specificity. In this study, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to explore how secondary structu...