Territorial Differences in Italian Students’ Mathematical Competencies: Evidence from PISA 2003 In this paper we investigate the existence and the size of territorial differences in Italian students’ mathematical competencies. Our analysis benefits from a new data set that merges the 2003 wave of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) with territorial data collected from...

We examined home range behavior of female feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in a heavily hunted population on Fort Benning Military Reservation in west-central Georgia, USA. We used Global Positioning System location data from 24 individuals representing 18 sounders (i.e., F social groups) combined with mark–recapture and camera-trap data to evaluate evidence of territorial behavior at the individual and...

Several species of territorial migratory birds exhibit sexual habitat segregation on their wintering grounds, with some habitats containing mostly males and others mostly females. The objective of this study was to determine if in the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) in Jamaica habitat segregation is due to social mechanisms or due to sex-specific habitat specialization. I used habitat-s...

Nonbreeding shorebirds often alternate social structure between anonymous flocks and territorial behavior in response to different environmental factors. To evaluate specific drivers for one species, we studied the spacing behavior of wintering Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) at Bahı́a Santa Maŕıa, northwestern Mexico, using behavioral observations. The density, population structure, and ter...

Neuropeptides have widespread modulatory effects on behaviour and physiology and are associated with phenotypic transitions in a variety of animals. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is implicated in mediating alternative male phenotypes in teleost fish, but the direction of the association differs among species, with either higher or lower AVT related to more territorial behaviour in different fishes. ...

Contentious issues have frequently been overlooked in the study of international relations and interstate conflict. This chapter explores the influence of territory and territorial issues on processes of interstate conflict. I begin by reviewing existing approaches to the study of territory, and existing theoretical efforts to understand the role of territory. I then offer an empirical investig...

For territorial animals, vocal signals can play an important role in both territory defense and mate attraction. The elaborate songs of many male songbirds (order: Passeriformes) serve these dual functions (Catchpole & Slater 1995; Collins 2004). In non-territorial songbirds, however, the adaptive significance of song is poorly understood. Sexual selection through female choice is expected to b...

A close relationship between territorial behavior and population regulation in birds was claimed by Howard (1920) in his classic essay on territoriality and has been emphasized by both earlier and more recent authors (see Wynne-Edwards, 1962). At present, opinions on this matter vary considerably; but there seems to be widespread entertainment, and in some circles acceptance, of the idea that t...

—The ecology and behavior of non-territorial owls are basically unknown. I studied the integration of young Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) into the territorial breeding population from 19881993 in the southwestern Yukon, Canada, during a peak and decline of the population cycle of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Fiftyfive fledglings were equipped with radio-transmitters that allowed we...

The development of any region or territory stems from its own dynamic nature. Economic activity and employment are stimulated by the number of local initiatives plus the crossfertilisation of those same initiatives. Globalisation, external constraints and technological change are therefore not really obstacles to be overcome but rather opportunities to be seized. In our experience, participator...