Quantitative geneticists usually distinguish between the shortand long-term response to selection. If we are only trying to predict a few generations of selection response, knowledge of the base population genetic variances (and in particular the heritability) is usually sufficient to make a satisfactory prediction. However, as selection proceeds and allele frequencies change significantly, the...

This study was carried out to investigate the direct and indirect responses to selection for four-week body weight (4 week body (wk BW)) and four-week breast weight (4 week breast weight (wk BRW)) and to determine the genetic contribution of reminder founders to the last generation. A total number of 351 birds were equally allocated to three lines, including two selected lines (S1 and S2 for BW...

with the growth of public awareness for environmental protection, green production was raised as an important issue for each producer, which will guarantee its activity in long term. creating suppliers, performance assessment system is so necessary and important that it measures suitability of the suppliers for long-term cooperation with the company. many activities have been performed for sele...

Fluctuating and disruptive selection are important mechanisms for maintaining intrapopulation trait variation. Nonetheless, few field studies quantify selection pressures over long periods and identify what causes them to fluctuate. Diet specialists in oystercatchers differ in short-term payoffs (intake), but their long-term payoffs are hypothesized to be condition dependent. We test whether ph...

With the growth of public awareness for environmental protection, green production was raised as an important issue for each producer, which will guarantee its activity in long term. Creating suppliers, performance assessment system is so necessary and important that it measures suitability of the suppliers for long-term cooperation with the company. Many activities have been performed for sele...